Write short notes on each of the following philosophies’ views on education: Empiricism
• Phenomenology
• Scientific rationalism
• Hermeneutics
• Critical Theory How can the notion of ubuntu be incorporated in your classroom practice
What do you think African Philosophy can help us...
, Question 1:
1.1 - Empiricism- Views on education:
According to Phillip Higgs & Jane Smith (2017:36-40) empiricism and it’s view on
education can be described as follows, it emphasises that all knowledge is based on
experience through verified empirical evidence. It asserts that truth and understanding
are derived from observations, experimentations and sensory perception. According
to Empiricism, education should prioritize subjects that provide real knowledge,
grounded in empirical facts such as mathematics, sciences (biology, physics and
chemistry) and engineering.
It highlights the importance of precise definitions and clear understanding of concepts
in education. It encourages educators to focus on what can be measured and tested
objectively, often through standardized assessments and defined outcomes. This
approach aims cultivate critical thinking skills and the ability to make informed
judgements based on evidence. However, the potential drawbacks to an education
system based solely on Empiricism is overemphasis on measurable outcomes that
could lead to a narrow focus on quantitative assessment, neglecting the development
of creature thinking and emotional intelligence and value-based education.
1.2 - Phenomenology - Views on education:
Phenomenology is a philosophy of teaching that focuses on direct and experimental
understanding of what reality is without imposing theories or opinions. It emphasizes
the conscious experience and encourages reflective and meditative approach to
education. It rejects the abstract theories about education and emphasizes what truly
happens in the classroom and the genuine interaction between teachers and students.
It promotes a sense of wonder and exploration of new worlds. However, there is a
cautionary note when applying Phenomenology to education. It is concerned with the
demands and flaws of the formal education systems that may hinder the emergence
of individual learners. Phenomenology warns about the influence of societal forces
and conformity that may limit self-discovery. In the context of South-Africa,
Phenomenology was distorted and used to serve Apartheid through a philosophy
called Fundamental Pedagogics. This distortion led to the rejection of Phenomenology
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