NUR 265 Exam 1 Study Questions and Answers The 2 major functions of the kidneys are to secrete erythropoietin and renin, which stimulate red blood cell production and blood pressure respectively, and to make urine. The number one objective sign of anemia is increased heart rate.
The number one subjective sign of anemia is fatigue.
The only difference between acute renal failure and chronic renal failure is that acute renal failure is reversible.
Kidney failure is defined by how many nephrons are dead.
Any condition that decreases the flow of blood to the kidneys is called Pre-renal Acute Kidney Failure.
Any condition that results in damage to the kidney tissue is called Intra-renal Acute Kidney Failure.
Any condition that obstructs the urine is called Post-renal Acute Kidney Failure.
NSAIDs and aminoglycosides are 2 common nephrotoxic drugs. oAn example of an aminoglycoside is the antibiotic called Gentamicin.
A patient with heart failure may experience Acute Pre-Renal Failure, because the decreased cardiac output causes lower blood flow to the kidneys.
A patient with acute tubular necrosis may experience Acute Intra-Renal Failure, because necrosis
is damaging the kidney tissue.
A patient with benign prostate hypertrophy may experience Acute Post-Renal Failure, because the prostate could obstruct the flow of urine.
In the oliguric phase of kidney failure, the BUN, serum creatinine, and specific gravity are all increased.
In the diuretic phase of kidney failure, urine specific gravity is decreased, because the urine is diluted.
In any acute care setting, preventing hypovolemia is a nursing priority, because it is the most common cause of Acute Kidney Injury.
Due to high blood concentration, the manifestations of hypovolemia are decreased pulse pressure, orthostatic hypotension, decreased urine output, thirst, and increased blood osmolality.
oFor this patient, an increase in hematocrit is a tell-tale sign of fluid volume deficit.
Another term for chronic renal failure is sustained oliguric phase.
The normal range of serum creatinine is 0.6-1.2 mg/dL.
The normal range of blood urea nitrogen is 10-20 mg/dL.
The normal range of sodium is 136-145 mEq/L.
The normal range for potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
The normal range for serum phosphorus is 3.0-4.5 mg/dL.
The normal range for serum calcium is 9.0-10.5 mg/dL.
The normal range for serum magnesium is 1.3-2.1 mEq/L.
The normal range for arterial bicarbonate 21-28 mEq/L.
The normal range for blood pH is 7.35-7.45.
The normal range for arterial blood PaCO2 is 35-45 mm Hg.
The normal range for hemoglobin is 14-18 g/dL.
The normal range for hematocrit is 42-52%.
The normal range for blood osmolarity is 285-295 mOsm/kg
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The number one subjective sign of anemia is fatigue.
The only difference between acute renal failure and chronic renal failure is that acute renal failure is reversible.
Kidney failure is defined by how many nephrons are dead.
Any condition that decreases the flow of blood to the kidneys is called Pre-renal Acute Kidney Failure.
Any condition that results in damage to the kidney tissue is called Intra-renal Acute Kidney Failure.
Any condition that obstructs the urine is called Post-renal Acute Kidney Failure.
NSAIDs and aminoglycosides are 2 common nephrotoxic drugs. oAn example of an aminoglycoside is the antibiotic called Gentamicin.
A patient with heart failure may experience Acute Pre-Renal Failure, because the decreased cardiac output causes lower blood flow to the kidneys.
A patient with acute tubular necrosis may experience Acute Intra-Renal Failure, because necrosis
is damaging the kidney tissue.
A patient with benign prostate hypertrophy may experience Acute Post-Renal Failure, because the prostate could obstruct the flow of urine.
In the oliguric phase of kidney failure, the BUN, serum creatinine, and specific gravity are all increased.
In the diuretic phase of kidney failure, urine specific gravity is decreased, because the urine is diluted.
In any acute care setting, preventing hypovolemia is a nursing priority, because it is the most common cause of Acute Kidney Injury.
Due to high blood concentration, the manifestations of hypovolemia are decreased pulse pressure, orthostatic hypotension, decreased urine output, thirst, and increased blood osmolality.
oFor this patient, an increase in hematocrit is a tell-tale sign of fluid volume deficit.
Another term for chronic renal failure is sustained oliguric phase.
The normal range of serum creatinine is 0.6-1.2 mg/dL.
The normal range of blood urea nitrogen is 10-20 mg/dL.
The normal range of sodium is 136-145 mEq/L.
The normal range for potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
The normal range for serum phosphorus is 3.0-4.5 mg/dL.
The normal range for serum calcium is 9.0-10.5 mg/dL.
The normal range for serum magnesium is 1.3-2.1 mEq/L.
The normal range for arterial bicarbonate 21-28 mEq/L.
The normal range for blood pH is 7.35-7.45.
The normal range for arterial blood PaCO2 is 35-45 mm Hg.
The normal range for hemoglobin is 14-18 g/dL.
The normal range for hematocrit is 42-52%.
The normal range for blood osmolarity is 285-295 mOsm/kg
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