BLST 154 Midterm Study Guide Questions and Answers 100% correct

BLST 154 Midterm Study Guide Questions and Answers 100% correct Fence-line Communities - neighborhood that is immediately adjacent to a company that affects the community through noise, odors, chemical emissions, traffic, parking, & operations of company. - residents are disproportionately low income p.o.c. - companies decrease property value. Executive Order 12898 made by Bill Clinton on feb 16, 1994. focuses federal attention on EJ & human health conditions in minority/low-income communities. promoted non discrimination in federal programs. Dumping in Dixie 1992 book by Robert D. Bullard about EJ and the rise of African American grass roots activism and fighting for justice for their communities. Neoliberalism an economic and political worldview that sees the free market as the main mechanism for ensuring economic growth, with a severely restricted role for government. Bill Clinton used this to address social safety net problems. This meant a reliance on private companies to supply public goods. Prison ecology Prisons are often build on or near contaminated areas due to cheap land and unforgiving attitudes towards prisoners health. This leads to prisoners and staff experiencing various health issues. recently a program was made to prevent the creation of new prisons especially on contaminated land and fix existing prisons so they do not continue poisoning the environment and inhabitants. Freedom Schools founded by Ella Baker and SNCC in 1960's. taught adults and children about social and racial problems and how to prevent premature deaths. taught criticality. United Church of Christ Report 1987 report which found that in general minority communities were the locations where polluting companies were located. It verified that environmental racism was real. Dorceta Taylor wrote "Toxic Communities". teaches EJ & ER at University of Michigan. Focuses on urban agriculture, food access & food security, institutional diversity, green jobs, & environmental history & ideology. Food Justice communities exercising their right to have access to grow, sell, and eat healthy food without fear of soil, water, and air contamination clustering of environmental hazards situation where multiple different polluting industries surround a community and the combination of chemicals becomes very damaging. mentioned in part 1 of David Pellows book. distributive paradigm Basically that there is an unequal distribution of environmental protection to communities of color especially by the government. Those aforementioned communities deal with the pollution and contamination that is produced to facilitate the lifestyles of the larger population. Also called distributive justice. indispensability - Fourth pillar of David Pellows Critical EJ Pillars. - Shift focus of EJ to include the absolute necessary protection of both humans and non-humans in environment. All life is precious and important. Common Ground Collective - Mentioned in David Pellow's book Critical EJ - anarchist-inspired group created by Scott Crow - provided basic services for survivors of Katrina on Gulf Coast 2005. Actually asked the community member's they were trying to help what they needed instead of just giving generic aid. Reopened schools and worked with all walks of life including sex workers, gangsters, & schools. marketisation of environmental justice - one of the outcomes of Clintons Executive order 12898 which privatized much of the EJ assistance (Neoliberalism) - Often, state agencies do not equitably respond to needs of affected communities and in fact favor help towards private industry that are often the polluters themselves. -Example, Port Arthur Texas sociopolitical explanation Toxic Waste and Race at 20 BlackLivesMatter key point in Pellow's book. It is an extension of EJ movement. connection between human and non-human rights. fight prejudice police officers have towards African american men an associating them with "animals". Mari Copeny an 8 year old girl who wrote a letter to president Obama about Flint Michigan's water contamination issue. led to her and her family meeting with him to address solutions. Ella Baker Established the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee as well as Freedom Schools. Fought for civil rights her entire life. Believed in nonviolent protest. Kendyl Crawford member of VIPL (Virginia Interfaith Power & Light). dedicated to fight environmental injustice. also member of NAACP. fights climate change. Benjamin Chavis executive director of NAACP. coined the term environmental racism in 1981. also constructed and published a national study called "Toxic Waste and Race in the United States of America" which statistically showed a correlations between race and location of toxic waste. Warren County, North Carolina One of the first instances of EJ. A PCB landfill was put near low-income predominantly African american communities and contaminated them with PCB. there was local outrage and public protest. Louisiana's Mississippi River Industrial Corridor - sits below the sea level and prone to flooding - Inhabited mostly by African Americans, whites live in higher elevation to avoid flooding. - Besides flooding, lots of industry and potential for contamination and pollution in communities of color - Hurricane Katrina hit this community especially hard, with flooding came