Med Surg Exam 2 Class Notes 2023 Chpt 48, 49, 50, 51 + 52

3191 Med Surg Exam 2 Class Notes 2023 Chpt 48, 49, 50, 51 + 52 Chapter 48: Assessment and Management of Patients with Obesity OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe the causes, classifications, and diseases and disorders associated with obesity. 2. Identify strategies aimed at preventing and treating obesity, including lifestyle modification, pharmacologic therapy, and nonsurgical interventions. 3. Explain nursing management considerations for the patient with obesity using nonsurgical interventions. 4. Compare and contrast surgical modalities indicated to treat patients with obesity in terms of preoperative, postoperative, and long-term management and complications. 5. Use the nursing process as a framework for care of patients who undergo bariatric surgical procedures. diabetes: a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): a metabolic derangement in type 1 diabetes that results from a deficiency of insulin; highly acidic ketone bodies are formed, resulting in acidosis fasting plasma glucose (FPG): blood glucose determination obtained in the laboratory after fasting for at least 8 hours gestational diabetes: any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy glycated hemoglobin (glycosylated hemoglobin, HgbA1C, or A1C): a measure of glucose control that is a result of glucose molecule attaching to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell (120 days) glycemic index: the amount a given food increases the blood glucose level compared with an equivalent amount of glucose hyperglycemia: elevated blood glucose level hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS): a metabolic disorder of type 2 diabetes resulting from a relative insulin deficiency initiated by an illness that raises the demand for insulin hypoglycemia: low blood glucose level impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): a metabolic stage intermediate between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes; referred to as prediabetes insulin: a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; a deficiency of insulin results in diabetes insulin pump: a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion device that delivers insulin on a 24-hour basis ketone: a highly acidic substance formed when the liver breaks down free fatty acids in the absence of insulin latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA): a subtype of diabetes medical nutrition therapy (MNT): nutritional therapy prescribed for management of diabetes that usually is given by a registered dietician nephropathy: a long-term complication of diabetes in which the kidney cells are damaged; characterized by microalbuminuria in early stages and progressing to end-stage kidney disease