PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 3 4.3 MEDICATIONS QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS.
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PHARMACOLOGY
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PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 3 4.3 MEDICATIONS QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS.
what is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
nephron.
what are the three basic functions of the kidney & nephron?
1) cleansing of extracellular fluid (ECF) and maintenance of ECF volume and composition - effected mos...
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 3 4.3 MEDICATIONS
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS.
what is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
nephron.
what are the three basic functions of the kidney & nephron?
1) cleansing of extracellular fluid (ECF) and maintenance of ECF volume and
composition - effected most by diuretics.
2) maintenance of acid-base balance.
3) excretion of metabolic wastes and foreign substances.
what are the three basic renal processes?
filtration, reabsorption, active tubular secretion.
what is filtration?
occurs at the glomerulus (all small molecules like: electrolytes, drugs, glucose, & amino
acids). Nephrons filter all ECF in body Q 100 min.
what is reabsorption?
99% of water, electrolytes, and nutrients undergo reabsorption.
what is active tubular secretion?
proximal convoluted tube.
which part of the three basic renal processes do diuretic interfere?
reabsorption.
how do diuretics increase urinary output?
promote excretion of water and electrolytes by the kidneys.
mechanism of action of all diuretics is the same but works on different of the
kidney.
sites
what are the two major applications of diuretics?
1) treatment of HTN.
2) movement & excretion of edematous fluid (helps to prevent renal failure).
what are the side effects for all diuretics?
clinical symptoms of dehydration (from the excretion of water).
-dizziness, confusion, postural hypotension, constipation.
what is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics?
MOA: acts on the ascending loop of henle.
-blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride.
what are the names of the loop diuretic drugs?
-furosemide (lasix).
-torsemide (demadex).
what is the mechanism of action for furosemide (lasix) & tersomide?
MOA: acts on the ascending loop of henle.
-blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride.
what are the therapeutic uses of the loop diuretic drugs furosemide (lasix) &
torsemide?
-pulmonary edema.
-CHF.
, -HTN.
-edema.
-chronic kidney disease.
what are the adverse effects of the loop diuretic drugs furosemide (lasix) &
torsemide?
-dehydration.
-hypokalemia.
-hypotension & tachycardia.
-otoxicity.
why do furosemide (lasix) & torsemide cause otoxicity and how can we prevent
it?
can cause it if IV push is given too fast. we can prevent this by giving 20 mg/min IV.
what are the contraindications of furosemide (lasix) & torsemide?
do not use in pregnancy.
what are the drug interactions of furosemide (lasix) & torsemide?
-digoxin toxicity (hypokalemia).
-ototoxic drugs (aminoglycosides).
-NSAIDS - blunts the effects of the drug, just like beta blockers.
what is the nurse education of furosemide (lasix) & torsemide?
-most effective in producing the greatest output.
-most frequently prescribed loop diuretic is lasix.
-rapid onset; half life approx. 6 hours.
-effective even when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is low.
-use with caution in patients who have DM or gout.
-monitor K levels.
what is the mechanism of action for thiazide diuretics?
MOA: acts in the distal convoluted tube.
-blocks sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tube.
what is the drug name for thiazide diuretics?
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ).
what is the mechanism of action for hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?
MOA: acts in the distal convoluted tube.
-blocks sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tube.
what is the therapeutic use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?
HTN.
-first line of treatment for hypertension.
what are the adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?
-dehydration.
-hypokalemia.
-hypotension & tachycardia.
-does not create ototoxicity.
what are the contraindications of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?
when used in combination with digoxin and increase risk of digoxin toxicity.
what is the nurse education for hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)?
-most widely used diuretic.
-ineffective if GFR is < 15-20 ml/min (not effective is GFR is decreased).
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