CALT Exam Test Questions with 100% Complete Solutions | A+

Adolph Kussmaul (1877) - "word blindness" Dr. Rudolph Berlin (1887) - Came up with the word "Dyslexia' James Hinschelwood (1897) - reported cases of "congenital wordblindness", called on schools to screen and treat it Dr. W. Pringle Morgan (1896) - Wrote 1st medical journal on word blindness Grace Fernald (1920s) - Developed the VAKT Method (Fernald Method) Samuel T. Orton (1925) - Neurologist, associated dyslexia as a "language disorder", Coined the term "strephosymbolia" (twisted symbols) Anna Gillingham (1930s) - Developed multisensory teaching with Orton, Trained 50 teachers with Sally Childs Aylett Cox - Developed Alphabetic Phonics at Scottish Rite Hospital, Worked with Sally Childs Drs. Sally and Bennett Shaywitz - Watched the brain read using fMRI, Tracked the prevalence of Dyslexia and whether is was a developmental lag vs. persists over time Chomsky - Said children are pre-wired to learn oral language but reading and writing are acquired Isabelle Liberman - Phonological Processes NIH Prior to 1980 dyslexia definition - Exclusionary- when you couldn't figure out the problem it must be dyslexia Dyslexia Definition - Deficit of phonological component of language IQ discrepancy - Research shows this to be an invalid model (IQ decided based on a reading test, unfair for children with dyslexia) Specific Learning Disability - Disorder with language, may make it difficult to thing, listen, speak, read, write, do math, etc. ADD/ADHD Historically - minimal brain dysfunction ADD/ADHD Comorbity - 30-50% Twin Studies - Concordance rate 70% in identical pairs, 48% in fraternal Purpose of Assessment - Identify issues, Determine progress, Determine placement or exit from therapy Assessment - The collection of information to make decisions about learning and instruction Diagnostic Test - A test to determine more specifically the exact nature a student, or students', learning problems. It con help the teacher identify ways to better assist the the students. Informal Test - A test that is not standardized, can see if students need further screening or different instruction Formal Test - Standardized test, uses specific procedures Norm Referenced Test - Compare a students performance with their peers Criterion Referenced Test - Performance is measured by how well student has mastered the standard, show knowledge attained and knowledge that needs to be acquired Curriculum Referenced Test - Variation of Criterion, Questions based on what is taught in the classroom