Biochemistry and Metabolism Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions.

Biochemistry and Metabolism Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions. What are proteins made from? -Answer- amino acids What are some functions of proteins? (5) -Answer- structural, enzymatic, transport, defense, contractile Which isomer of carbohydrates is used in animals? -Answer- D What are DNA and RNA made of? -Answer- nucleic acids All lipids are formed from... -Answer- acetyl Co-A Complex lipids -Answer- phospholipids and glycolipids Simple lipids -Answer- triglycerides functions of lipids (6) -Answer- membrane components, energy storage, cell signaling, fuel, vitamins, steroid hormones which lipid performs cell signaling -Answer- eicosanoids which lipid is used for energy storage -Answer- triglycerides Which lipids make up cell membranes? (3) -Answer- Cholesterol, glycolipids, phospholipids Which lipids are used for fuel? (2) -Answer- fatty acids, ketones Name the steroid hormones (3) -Answer- glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens Name the fat soluble vitamins (4) -Answer- ADEK Which vitamins are water soluble? -Answer- B and C Name the trace microminerals (7) -Answer- iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, iodine, cobalt Name important minerals (7) -Answer- Sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur How much of body weight is comprised of water? -Answer- 50-70% Acids are...? protons -Answer- proton donors (release H) Biochemistry and Metabolism Exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions Bases are...? protins -Answer- proton acceptors pH = pKa at... -Answer- half neutralization pKa is... -Answer- the pH value at which equal concentrations of an acid and its conjugate base are present strong acids have ---- pKa -Answer- low Which amino acid is not chiral? -Answer- Glycine Which isomer of amino acids is used in protein? -Answer- L Polarity of hydrophobic molecules -Answer- nonpolar Name the hydrophobic amino acids (8) -Answer- Alanine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Proline Name the branched-chain amino acids (3) -Answer- isoleucine, leucine, valine Branched chain amino acids are important for...? -Answer- muscle amino acid metabolism Polarity of hydrophilic molecules -Answer- polar Name the polar uncharged amino acids (3) -Answer- serine, threonine, cysteine Synthetic precursor for Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Melanin, Thyroxine - Answer- tyrosine name the polar charged animo acids (5) -Answer- aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine precursor for neurotransmitter GABA -Answer- glutamic acid Name the essential amino acids -Answer- arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine What amino acid is essential is cats -Answer- taurine What amino acid is essential in poultry -Answer- glycine Hydroxylation occurs to what amino acids? (2) -Answer- Proline and lysine What is required for the hydroxylation of proline? -Answer- ascorbic acid (vitamin c) Ascorbic acid is required by diet for what animals? (3) -Answer- primates, guinea pigs, bats desmosine and isodesmosine are synthesized from... -Answer- lysine desmosine and isodesmosine and prevalent in what? -Answer- elastin.