NSG 252 Perfusion Review Questions and certified answer already passed 2023/2024

NSG 252 Perfusion Review Questions and certified answer already passed 2023/2024 The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Which medication class does the nurse anticipate the client will need to take to prevent the formation of blood clots? A. Thrombolytics B. Antipyretics C. Anticoagulants D. Analgesics - correct answer Anticoagulants Anticoagulants prevent the formation of blood clots, and are prescribed for clients with atrial fibrillation. Two types of anticoagulants are heparin and warfarin. Thrombolytics Thrombolytic therapy breaks up clots that have already formed, rather than prevents clots from forming. Antipyretics An antipyretic is used to lower a client's temperature, not prevent clot formation. Analgesics An analgesic is given for pain relief rather than to prevent blood clots from forming. The nurse is concerned that a client with atrial fibrillation is not on any anticoagulants and notifies the healthcare provider. The nurse knows that which of the following is a reason why a client with atrial fibrillation is at an increased risk for a stroke? A. Blood contracts faster so it clots easier B. Blood pools in the atria due to their quivering which increases the risk for clots C. There is increased blood since the atria are contracting faster D. The rapid ventricular response increases the risk for blood clots - correct answer There is increased blood since the atria are contracting faster The atria are quivering, not contracting. Blood pools in the atria due to their quivering which increases the risk for clots Blood pools in the atria because of the quivering and forms a clot. Blood contracts faster so it clots easier Blood itself does not contract. The decreased circulation of blood is what causes increased risk for clotting. The rapid ventricular response increases the risk for blood clots Rapid ventricular response will not increase the risk for blood clots. Which of the following medications lower blood pressure by reducing cardiac cell excitability? A. Calcium channel blockers B. ACE inhibitors C. Beta-adrenoceptors D. Diuretics - correct answer Calcium channel blockers When calcium enters the cell, it causes the cell to contract. Therefore, calcium channel blockers reduce cardiac cell excitability. ACE inhibitors Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors control sodium and water levels to lower blood pressure. Beta-adrenoceptors Beta-adrenoceptors lower the heart rate rather than cause cell excitability. Diuretics These increase the excretion of water which results in lowered blood volume. A nurse has a client with a heart rate of 125 beats per minute and is attempting to identify the cause of a client's tachycardia. The nurse knows that which of the following could be possible causes of tachycardia? Select all that apply. A. Hypotension B. Hypertension C. Dehydration D. Beta Blockers E. Fever - correct answer Hypotension Hypotension can cause tachycardia in order to increase cardiac output. Hypertension Hypertension is usually asymptomatic and would not cause tachycardia. Dehydration Dehydration can cause tachycardia in order to increase cardiac output. Beta Blockers Beta-blockers slow the heart rate instead of increasing the heart rate. Fever Hyperthermia increases metabolic demands and therefore causes tachycardia.