NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide Graded A+

What is pathophysiology? - Answer-The study of homeostasis. What the body has to do to be at normal operating range. Etiology of disease. What is normal and abnormal. General Adaptation Syndrome - Answer-A cluster of systemic manifestations that represent an attempt to cope with a stressor Describe the Alarm phase - Answer-Generalized stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, releases catacholamines and cortisol AKA fight or flight. Dump of adrenaline or epinephrine rush in the body. Breathing is faster. Describe the resistance stage of GAS - Answer-During this stage the body selects the most effective and economic channels of defense. During this stage the cortisol levels that were present in the alarm stage drop because they are no longer needed. Trying to get away from the stress. Describe the exhaustion stage of GAS - Answer-Initiated if the stressor is prolonged or overwhelms the body. When you are exhausted and done. What is a sign? - Answer-something that you can physically see What is a symptom? - Answer-Something that is felt by a person What is edema? - Answer-Swelling/inflammation. excess fluid in the interstitial spaces Dehydration - Answer-(ECF volume deficit) Inadequate fluid intake occurs when total body fluid levels are insufficient to meet body's needs. Lack of volume in the bodyHypertonic Hydration (fluid overload) - Answer-Excess fluid, lungs-difficult to breathe, bounding pulse. Edema is an example What is the main electrolyte in the extracellular fluid? - Answer-Sodium (NaCl) Chloride