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Development Economics Final Exam Questions And Answers Already Passed
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Development Economics Final ExamQuestions And Answers Already Passed
HALE CORRECT ANSWERS health adjusted life expectancy - discounts for years when you have a sickness (subjectivity issue)
Child mortality rate CORRECT ANSWERS -children under 5
-given as a number of deaths/100
Morbidity rate CORRECT ANSWERS measures rate of disease or illness
Long run trends with life expectancy CORRECT ANSWERS -before 1800s: life expectancy was about 30 everywhere
-since 1960: life expectancy increased in all regions
-high income countries: 69-79
-sub-saharan africa: 41-51
-east asia: 34-72
-2 anomalies (a spell of declining life expectancy): Africa due to HIV, Russia due to Soviet Union breakup
epidemiological transition CORRECT ANSWERS asks how people are dying
-20th century: causes of death (globally) shifted from being primarily infectious diseases
to primarily non-communicable diseases
-africa didn't make the transition in the 20th century
global causes of death statistics CORRECT ANSWERS -non communicable 60%
-infectious diseases 30%
-injury 10%
wealth-health dynamic CORRECT ANSWERS -causality flows both ways
-it doesn't take a lot of money to live past the 5 year mark (even tiny increases in GDP/capita make a huge difference in life expectancy for the poorest)
-wealthier is healthier
preston curve CORRECT ANSWERS -life expectancy vs. $/capita
-bubble graph (bubbles represent countries- bigger bubbles correspond to bigger countries)
-increasing relationship between income and life expectancy (but diminishing returns)
paper by Lant Pritchett and Summers findings CORRECT ANSWERS a 10% increase in income is associated with a 2-4% decrease in the under 5 mortality rate
BRICM CORRECT ANSWERS -big developing countries
-Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico global population trends CORRECT ANSWERS -population experts guess global population will reach a steady sate of about 8-12 billion around the year 2050
-we are already past the point of inflection (growth started slowing down)
-by 2000, world population was around 6 billion, about 5 billion living in developing countries
increases in income inequality CORRECT ANSWERS -since year 0, the rich to poor ratio increased from 3 to 150-200
-in absolute terms, all levels of society saw increases in $/capita (but the rich saw much bigger increases)
largest populated countries 2010 CORRECT ANSWERS -china
-india
-us
-indonesia
-brazil
population pessimists CORRECT ANSWERS -Thomas Malthus (huge increases in population are coming, and will result in food scarcity, civil war, and global destruction because the ability to make/produce food will surely decline and cannot keep up with "passion of sexes")
-some countries put into effect family planning policies (ex. India's Hum Do, Hamaray Do and China's Wan, Xi, Shao and One Child Campaign)
Possible POV - is population growth good? CORRECT ANSWERS -con: if there is a big
increase in population but no change in capital then income per capital (and capital/worker will decline) -- population growth works against capital deepening
-pro: it could lead to increases in technology
Das Kapital CORRECT ANSWERS 1867 - Karl Marx
heavy government control, focus on capital (saving and investing)
rejection of free markets
many 3rd world countries follow this model in the 50s and 60s
Adam Smith CORRECT ANSWERS focus on free market, laissez faire
Marshall Plan CORRECT ANSWERS -plan to rebuild after WW2
-initiated by US
-injected $25 billion worth of capital and infrastructure into specific (high industry) areas of Europe, esp. England, France, West Germany
-extremely successful
-worked largely because these countries already had some physical capital, infrastructure for industry, and memory of being wealthy (didn't work in Africa because money didn't have intent)
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