Rasmussen College MDC 2 Exam 1
Study Guide
1. Benign cells
: Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time
2. Benign Cell Features
: o Harmlesso Do not usually require
intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
3. Benign cell looks similar to a
: healthy cell
4. Examples of Benign cells
: o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
,5. Malignant cells
: indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues andresult in death
6. Malignant cell features
: o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
o
7. Seven warning signs of cancer
: o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
8. Cancer development stages of malignancy
: o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
9. Initiation (Stage of malignancy)
: Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
, 10. Promotion
: Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells
11. Progression
: Increase in production of malignant cells
12. Metastasis
: Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
13. Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis
: cancer development
14. Cancer classification
: o Gradingo Ploidy
o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
15. Grading
: Looking under microscope and determine level/degree of mutation ofcancer cell
from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
16. Ploidy
: Number of chromosomes
17. Staging
: How large is the primary tumor and how far has it spread
18. TNM
: o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
Study Guide
1. Benign cells
: Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time
2. Benign Cell Features
: o Harmlesso Do not usually require
intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
3. Benign cell looks similar to a
: healthy cell
4. Examples of Benign cells
: o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
,5. Malignant cells
: indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues andresult in death
6. Malignant cell features
: o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
o
7. Seven warning signs of cancer
: o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
8. Cancer development stages of malignancy
: o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
9. Initiation (Stage of malignancy)
: Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
, 10. Promotion
: Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells
11. Progression
: Increase in production of malignant cells
12. Metastasis
: Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
13. Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis
: cancer development
14. Cancer classification
: o Gradingo Ploidy
o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
15. Grading
: Looking under microscope and determine level/degree of mutation ofcancer cell
from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
16. Ploidy
: Number of chromosomes
17. Staging
: How large is the primary tumor and how far has it spread
18. TNM
: o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
