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Freud (Type of Theory) - ANSWER Psychoanalytic
Freud (Stages) - ANSWER 0-1 oral stage
2-4 anal stage
5-7 oedipal/ phallic
8-12 latency
13+ genital
Oral Stage (Freud) - ANSWER 0-18 months, infant uses mouth for gratification and exploration
Anal Stage (Freud) - ANSWER 1-3: Anus focus of pleasure & toilet training most important activity
Anal Retentive (Freud) - ANSWER Obsessive over details
Anal Expulsive (Freud) - ANSWER Careless and impulsive
Phallic (Oedipal) Stage (Freud) - ANSWER - 3-5 years; Oedipal/Electra conflict for children. - males want to possess their mother, and fear castration from their father; to resolve conflict, they deal with guilt feelings by identifying with dad, and establishing same values. - sublimation of libido occurs
- In girls, similar case, but since no castration fear, overall less feminine and morally developed in this theory.
Latency Stage (Freud) - ANSWER psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses are submerged into the unconscious
Genital Stage (Freud) - ANSWER adolescence - adulthood
hormones rewaken sexual instincts; love object is now nonfamilial
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory - ANSWER stage theory of psychosocial development, lifespan consists of eight dilemmas that must be solved correctly in order to solve the next dilemma
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages - ANSWER 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2-3 years) 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years)
5. Identity vs. Identity Diffusion (12-18 years)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood: 19-mid 20s)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation/Self-Absorbtion (middle age: late 20s-50s)
8. Integrity vs. Dispair (old age: 60s and beyond)
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANSWER Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - ANSWER Erikson's stage in which a toddler learns to
exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt - ANSWER Erikson's third stage in which the child finds independence
in planning, playing and other activities
Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson) - ANSWER 6-12 yrs, good: competence, exercise his/her abilities and intelligence in the world, be able to affect world in the way that the child desires bad: inadequacy, low self esteem
identity vs identity confusion - ANSWER the period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distinctive about themselves
Intimacy vs. Isolation - ANSWER Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families
Generativity vs. Stagnation - ANSWER Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service
Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson) - ANSWER 60- death. involves reevaluating what we have done in our lives. If we feel we have done well we have a sense of integrity, otherwise we experience gloom and doubt.
Jean Piaget theory of cognitive development - ANSWER 1. Sensorimotor 0-2 yeas old
- develops primitive logic - develops intantions
- understands signal meanings
- understands symbol meanings
2. Preoperational 2-7 years old - comprehends past, present, and future
- imaginary friends
- cant see point-of-views
- thinking is not generalized
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