LRA 220 Complete Exam With Solution Answers 100% Correct.

How much central ray (CR) angulation (if any) should be used for an AP projection of the toes? - correct answer 10° to 15° toward calcaneus T/F A correctly positioned AP 45° medial oblique ankle projection frequently may also demonstrate a fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal if present. - correct answer True Which of the following projections of the ankle will best demonstrate the open joint space of the lateral aspect of the ankle joint? - correct answer AP mortise projection To decrease the angle between the anterior surface of the foot and anterior surface of the lower leg is described as: - correct answer Dorsiflexion What CR angulation is required for the AP oblique projection of the foot? - correct answer CR is perpendicular to the IR How much CR angulation to the long axis of the foot is required for the plantodorsal (axial) projection of the calcaneus? - correct answer 40° How much rotation from an AP position of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise projection? - correct answer 15° to 20° The purpose of the AP stress views of the ankle is to demonstrate: - correct answer possible joint separations or ligament tear A radiograph of an AP medial oblique projection of the foot, if positioned correctly, should demonstrate: - correct answer third through fifth metatarsals free of superimposition. A radiograph of an AP ankle projection reveals that the lateral joint space is not open (lateral malleolus is partially superimposed by the talus). The superior and medial joint spaces are open. What should the technologist do to correct this problem and improve the image? - correct answer Nothing; this is an acceptable image A radiograph of a AP mortise projection of the ankle reveals that the lateral malleolus is slightly superimposed over the talus and the lateral joint space is not open. What is most likely the cause for this radiographic outcome? - correct answer Insufficient medial rotation of the foot and ankle T/F The foot must be force dorsiflexed so that the long axis of the foot is perpendicular to the image receptor for AP and mortise projections of the ankle. - correct answer False T/F A correctly positioned lateral ankle will demonstrate the lateral malleolus superimposed over the posterior half of the tibia. - correct answer True Which one of the following projections will best demonstrate signs of Osgood-Schlatter disease? - correct answer AP and lateral knee The correct CR placement for an AP projection of the knee is midpatella. - correct answer False For the AP weight-bearing knee projection on an average patient, the CR should be: - correct answer perpendicular to the image receptor Which of the following knee projections requires the use of a special IR holding device? - correct answer Bilateral Merchant method How much knee flexion is required for the weight-bearing PA axial projection (Rosenberg method) of the knee? - correct answer 45° flexion Which projection of the knee will best demonstrate the neck of the fibula without superimposition? - correct answer AP oblique with medial rotation Which special position of the knee requires that the patient be placed supine with 40° flexion of knee with the CR angled 30° from the long axis of the femur? - correct answer Bilateral Merchant method How much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella? - correct answer 5° to 10° or less Which of the following projections of the patella requires the patient to be placed in a prone position, a 55° flexion of the knee, and a 15° to 20° angle of the CR? - correct answer Hughston method An inflammatory condition involving the anterior, proximal tibia - correct answer Osgood-Schlatter disease Sprains and/or fractures involving the bases of the first and second metatarsals - correct answer Lisfranc joint injury Accumulated fluid in the joint cavity - correct answer Joint effusion Inherited type of arthritis commonly affecting males, frequently begins at first metatarsophalangeal joint - correct answer Gout Benign, neoplastic bone lesion due to overproduction of bone at a joint (usually the knee) - correct answer Exostosis Also known as osteitis deformans, a bone disease that disrupts new bone growth, resulting in overproduction of very dense yet soft bone - correct answer Paget's disease Malignant tumor of the cartilage usually occurs in men older than age 45 in the pelvis and long bones - correct answer Chondrosarcoma Condition affecting the sacroiliac joints and lower limbs of young men, especially the posterosuperior margin of calcaneus - correct answer Reiter's syndrome Malignancy spread to bone via the circulatory, lymphatic systems, or direct invasion - correct answer Metastatic carcinoma A disease producing extensive calcification of the longitudinal ligament of the spinal column - correct answer Ankylosing spondylitis A degenerative joint disease - correct answer Osteoarthritis A malignant tumor of the cartilage - correct answer Chondrosarcoma Now referred to as "developmental dysplasia of the hip - correct answer Congenital dislocation of hip A fracture resulting from a severe blow to one side of the pelvis - correct answer Pelvic ring fracture Fractures that occur in adolescent athletes who experience sudden, forceful, or unbalanced contraction of the tendinous and muscular attachments on the bony pelvis. - correct answer Avulsion fracture A study of a prosthetic hip demonstrates that the end of the prosthesis is cut off on the AP projection, but the entire device is demonstrated on the lateral projection. What should the technologist do next? - correct answer Repeat the AP projection only A radiograph of an AP pelvis demonstrates that the right obturator foramen is foreshortened but the left foramen is open. Which one of the following positioning errors is present on this radiograph? - correct answer Right rotation