AMLS Final exam with correct verified answers 2024

A 45-year-old patient is found supine on the floor. Healthcare providers note pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations, and vomitus in and around the mouth. What course of action should be taken next? - correct answer Supplemental oxygen and suction Patients with a history of COPD that present with an acute onset of shortness of breath are likely to have which condition? - correct answer Pulmonary embolism During compensatory shock, the renin-angiotensine-aldosterone system is activated to cause a/an: - correct answer Increase in preload, afterload, and re-absorption of sodium What clinical findings are most commonly associated with a pulmonary embolus? - correct answer Clear breath sounds with tachypnea What condition is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis? - correct answer Narcotic overdose A 55-year-old complains of an "aching" chest discomfort that persists over several days. The patient has a temperature of 101*F (38.3*C). Which finding will help narrow the diagnosis to pericarditis? - correct answer ST-segment elevation in all leads Anaphylaxis is most associated with which physiological event? - correct answer Vasodilation Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by what pathologic change? - correct answer Breakdown of the alveolar-capillary membrane Continuous positive airway pressure would be most beneficial in treating which patient? - correct answer A 22-year-old with severe asthma who is not responding to nebulizer treatments What is the initial treatment for a patient experiencing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC)? - correct answer Crystalloid IV fluid administration Your patient has had a seizure secondary to a nerve agent exposure. What medication would be best to diminish the seizure? - correct answer Midazolam Respiratory alkalosis may occur as a result of: - correct answer Fever and anxiety An age-related change that increases the risk of respiratory compromise is: - correct answer Decrease in lung compliance Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is most common in patients with a history of: - correct answer Left-sided heart failure The patient presents with a history of fever and an upper respiratory infection. Historical information reveals increasing water intake, orthostatic hypotension, and an increase in urination. You suspect these symptoms are caused by: - correct answer Hyperglycemia You are dispatched to the home of a 32-year-old patient with a history of Graves' disease. The patient was in the ER earlier today for some "tests for my ulcers." He received contrast and was discharged. He is now complaining of not feeling well, chest pain, and palpitations. You note an anxious patient with fine tremors. He is diaphoretic and has a temperature of 101.5*F, BP 100/62, P 156 (sinus tachycardia), R 30, glucose level 133. Which of the following are management considerations for this patient? - correct answer Beta Blockers Metabolic acidosis is best described by which arterial blood gas interpretation? - correct answer pH decreased, pCO2 decreased, H2CO3 low The AMLS Assessment Pathway first advises safety and initial observations of the scene. The second process described in this pathway asks the healthcare provider to: - correct answer Identify and manage life-threats Observing a patient's body positioning can be an early indicator that the patient is: - correct answer Sick or not sick Which assessment finding is crucial to obtain from a patient suspected of a stroke? - correct answer Onset of symptoms A 62-year-old patient presents with a severe headache. It is described as a "thunderclap" accompanied with nausea, blurred vision, and an elevated blood pressure. What neurologic condition is most likely causing this patient's presentation? - correct answer Subarachnoid hemorrhage A 38-year-old presents with mild chest tightness and urticaria after mowing the lawn. He felt a "sting" in his left lower leg and states the symptoms came on suddenly. BP 130/82, P 100, R 20 with a normal work of breathing and clear lung sounds. The healthcare provider should: - correct answer Initiate an IV with 0.9% normal saline and administer 0.5mg of epinephrine Healthcare providers are treating a patient complaining of substernal chest pain accompanied with nausea and one episode of vomiting. The patient has had two cardiac stents placed within the last year. He has a familial history of heart disease and takes a baby aspirin daily. What information is most concerning? - correct answer Recent stent placement The patient complains of sharp chest pain that worsens when supine. He is bed ridden due to complications from a recent hip surgery. The patient is tachypneic adn the ECG reveals sinus tachycardia. What is the patient's working diagnosis? - correct answer Pulmonary embolism A patient is a resident in an assisted-living facility to obtain physical therapy after a knee replacement surgery. She complains of a rash that is red and has small bumps. She has been feeling ill for several days. What is the most likely working diagnosis? - correct answer Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus A foreign exchange university student is found by his roommate and EMS is dispatched. The patient presents with an unusual flat red rash on his chest and arms. He has been ill with fever, nausea, and vomiting. Physical exam reveals stiffness of the neck. The healthcare provider will anticipate which diagnosis? - correct answer Meningitis Healthcare providers are treating a 49-year-old male complaining of diffuse abdominal cramping. He has been ill with vomiting for 3 days. What working diagnosis is most probable? - correct answer Gastroenteritis While assessing your patient, you note he involuntarily flexes the legs in response to flexing the neck. The patient is presenting with: - correct answer A positive Brudzinski's sign indicating possible meningitis Healthcare providers are assessing an obese 49-year-old who is lethargic and has not been feeling well for several days. His family reports a history of extreme thirst. Vital signs are P 143, R 14, and BP 88/58. He takes medication for type 2 diabetes daily. What is the most probably working diagnosis? - correct answer Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma A fire fighter has been working a fire for 4 hours on a humid, hot day. He suddenly becomes nauseated and restless. The provider observes pupil dilation and an almond odor to his breath. The vital signs are P 56, R 22, BP 140/86. The ECG reveals sinus bradycardia with occasional PACs. Which toxin exposure has occurred? - correct answer Cyanide poisoning Healthcare providers are treating a patient that has taken an unknown amount of a prescribed pain medicine along with an over-the-counter analgesic numerous times over the last 36 hours for chronic lumbar pain. The patient is experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The providers note pallor, and diaphoresis. Blood glucose level is 42mg/dL (2.3mmol/L). What toxin overdose is suspected? - correct answer Acetaminophen A patient complains of nausea and is passing black, tarry stools rectally. This patient is most likely suffering from: - correct answer Upper GI bleed The provider assesses a patient suffering from fever, nausea, vomiting, and peri-umbilical pain. Further evaluation reveals right lower quadrant pain and lower back pain. A physical exam reveals an increase in right lower quadrant pain when the patient's right leg is extended from the hip. Which working diagnosis is most appropriate? - correct answer Appendicitis Intra-abdominal bleeds, like pancreatitis, often present with discoloration or bruising around the umbilicus. This physical exam finding is known as: - correct answer Cullen's sign Which of the following is a hallmark sign of tricyclic antidepressant toxicity? - correct answer Dysrhythmias A daughter states that her 72-year-old mother has a history of hypertension, high cholesterol, and rheumatoid arthritis. Daily medications include aspirin, Tenormin, Plaquenil, and Plavix. She is concerned as her mother has mixed up her medications and is now lethargic with diminished respirations. Vital signs are P 58 and regular, R 10 and shallow, and BP 90/74. Blood glucose level is 52mg/dL (2.8mmol/L). Which medication toxicity would be indicative of this presentation? - correct answer Beta Blocker If untreated, a cardiac tamponade will present with signs and symptoms of which type of shock? - correct answer Obstructive A patient presents anxious with difficulty in breathing and chest pain. An assessment reveals hypotension, muffled heart tones, and distended neck veins. There is a past medical history of pericarditis. The provider notes that there is decrease in systolic blood pressure when the patient inhales. Which diagnosis would be considered with this presentation? - correct answer Cardiac tamponade The healthcare provider is assessing a 60-year-old female patient with complaints of indigestion and mild upper abdominal discomfort. This presentation should prompt the provider to: - correct answer Perform a 12-lead ECG The most common underlying medical conditions found in patients with acute pancreatitis is: - correct answer Gall stones and heavy alcohol use A patient complaining of a 3-day history of left lower abdominal pain describes it as sharp and, during the focused physical exam, the pain intensifies during palpitation over the site. Differentials should include: - correct answer Ectopic pregnancy or diverticulitis A 22-year-old male has recently undergone a surgical procedure to repair an injury to thoracic vertebrae T4-T6. Assessment indicates the patient is alert and oriented, bradycardic, hypotensive, and has warm, dry skin. Which type of shock is most likely occurring? - correct answer Neurogenic A caregiver for a quadriplegic patient notes an onset of difficulty in breathing and anxiousness in her patient. Further assessment shows a temperature of 101.2*F (38*C), P 128, BP 86/68, and R 24. Physical exam shows the skin is warm and urine in the catheter is dark yellow and cloudy. This patient is most likely experiencing what type of shock? - correct answer Septic When assessing geriatric patients, infectious diseases are more difficult to identify for all the following reasons EXCEPT: - correct answer Heightened immune response is common A local businesswoman has returned from missionary work in South Africa. She is complaining of night sweats, chest discomfort, and a persistent cough for several weeks. Which underlying diagnosis is most likely causing these symptoms? - correct answer Tuberculosis Healthcare providers are responding to a near-drowning at a local lake. The patient is experiencing uncontrollable shivering and complains of nausea and weakness. The patient had been treading water for 25 minutes and now presents with tachycardia and rapid respirations. Core body temperature is 93.2*F (34*C). Which diagnosis is most likely? - correct answer Mild hypothermia An elderly patient is receiving nursing care at home while recuperating from a recent knee surgery. A post-operative infection developed, and the patient has been on antibiotics for quite some time. She is complaining of a foul-smelling diarrhea, and abdominal cramping and loss of appetite. On the basis of this presentation, the provider should suspect: - correct answer Clostridium difficile (C Diff) A 20-year-old female presents with a 2-day history of dyspnea, nonproductive cough, chest tightness, and audible wheezing. Further exam reveals no fever or stridor. The patient has rapid respirations with difficulty exhaling. Which diagnosis is most likely? - correct answer Bronchiolitis An elderly patient with a 1-week history of productive cough and wheezing notices an increase in difficulty in breathing when grocery shopping. Further assessment reveals pursed lip breathing, rhonchi, and minimal jugular vein distention. Which diagnosis should should the healthcare provider suspect? - correct answer COPD A 50-year-old female has called 911. She complains of shortness of breath and chest discomfort. Assessment reveals her skin is pale, moist, and cool. BP is 102/68, R 24, labored with crackles, P of 130 and regular. Which type of shock is most likely occurring? - correct answer Cardiogenic