Dental hygiene care II final exam Questions & Answers 100% Correct!!

Advantages of ultrasonic instruments - ANSWER-Increased efficiency of large calculus removal -Less time -Multiple surfaces of working end -Never need sharpening -Tips are replaced less often -Does not need lateral pressure -Reduced risk of repetitive strain injuries -Water lavage and irrigation may enhance healing and client comfort -Acoustic mainstreaming removes bacteria Disadvantages of ultrasonic instruments - ANSWER-Higher risk of burnished calculus if used alone -Unavoidable spray on cheeks and chin -Aerosol production -Temporary hearing shifts -Tinnitus -Loud noise -strong vibrations -Poor visibility -less tactile sensation Contraindications for ultrasonic instruments - ANSWER-lung and pulmonary disease -dysphagia Standard ultrasonic inserts - ANSWER-Moderate to heavy deposits -Oral biofilm -Extrinsic tooth stain -Orthodontic cement Universal ultrasonic inserts - ANSWER-Supragingival -Subgingival -Initial debridement of moderate to heavy non tenacious deposits Thin ultrasonic inserts - ANSWER-Periodontal debridement -Light deposit removal subgingival in shallow and deep pockets Precision thin inserts create more - ANSWERClinical attachment loss immediately after therapy Furcation ultrasonic inserts - ANSWER.8-mm ball ended Diamond coated inserts - ANSWERAre available for furcations and root planing; recommended for surgical procedures with direct vision due to risk of unintentional root surface removal Apply working end of magneto no more than - ANSWER15 degrees angle to tooth surface To prevent root surface damage, the piezoelectric tip must be angulated __________ - ANSWERas close to 0 degrees to the root as possible Health related outcomes of using ultrasonic instrumentation - ANSWER-equal reductions in microbial flora are found with the ultrasonic instrumentation and hand instrumentation -removing weekly adherent endotoxin -both types of ultrasonic instrumentation seem to be equally effective at the clinical endpoint in moderate calculus removal -produces large amounts of spatter and aerosols Precautions of ultrasonic instruments - ANSWER-cardiovascular implantable device such as a pacemaker or defibrillator for magneto -un shielded pacemakers May be disrupted by external electric Fields of magneto -Communicable diseases such as hepatitis, TB, strep throat, and respiratory infections could be transmitted via aerosols -use 30-second rinse of antimicrobial mouthwash -children because of their large pulp chambers -immunosuppressive patients In phase - ANSWERInsert is adjusted to resonance frequency for maximum energy output Peak efficiency suitable for legit to heavy deposit removal Out of phase - ANSWERInsert is detuned from resonance frequency Fine mist with a water drip Active tip - ANSWER2 to 4 mm Aerosols - ANSWERFine airborne particles 50 micrometers or less in size Spatter - ANSWERParticles that are greater than 50 micrometers droplet nuclei - ANSWER-dried microscopic residues created when microscopic pellets of mucus and saliva are ejected from the mouth and nose -can carry TB, HIV, and HBV. Hand instrumentation could result in - ANSWEROver instrumentation Periodontal pathogens - ANSWER-p. Gingivalis -a. Actinomycetemcomitans -t. Forsythia -p. Intermedia -t. Denticola Magneto - ANSWER-Electrical energy is applied to the coil generating magnetic energy -Heat is a byproduct -25,000-42,000 Hz -elliptical -back and sides are active Nodal point - ANSWERA point or region on a wave where there is no vibration Piezoelectric - ANSWER-Electrical energy is applied to ceramic crystals generated mechanical energy -25,000-50,000 Hz -linear -lateral sides Sonic instrument - ANSWER2,500-18,000 Hz Circular movement All sides are active Increasing the power setting of an ultrasonic unit - ANSWERIncrease the length of the stroke Cavitation - ANSWER-Bubble collapse -disrupt bacterial cell walls -enhance biofilm removal Which surfaces produce the greatest amount of energy - ANSWERPoint of tip What scaling technique may lead to the greatest loss of root substance when utilizing correct instrumentation technique - ANSWERHand scaling Which of the following pathways for disease transmission in a dental setting has the greatest potential for occupational microbial infection - ANSWERPatient to dental team Acoustic microstreaming - ANSWERswirling effect produced within the pocket by stream of fluid flowing over vibrating tip Which attribute differentiates a 30kHz from a 25-kHz magneto insert - ANSWERShorter stack length What type of air polisher do we use in clinic - ANSWERAir flow handy 3.0 Indications for air polisher - ANSWER-Plaque -stain -before sealant placement What type of powder for air polishing do we use in clinic? - ANSWERGlycerin Contraindications for air polishing - ANSWER-Respiratory disease -COPD -Uncontrolled asthma -High blood pressure only with sodium bicarbonate -Dysphagia -Immunocompromised -Communicable disease Epinephrine when added to anesthetics does all of the following - ANSWER-prolong action -delay absorption -reduce systemic toxicity -decrease bleeding The major cause of distorted stacks is - ANSWEROver heating Calculus deposits are best removed at a - ANSWERLow to medium setting Glycerin powders, unlike sodium bicarbonate, are safe to use on - ANSWER-Restorations -dentin -root surfaces -subgingival -implant surfaces Activation of air polishing tip - ANSWER-3mm from tooth -45 degree angle -toward gingival margin Anatomic root - ANSWER-Part of the dentin covered by cementum -embedded in alveolar bone -begins at CEJ The area surrounding the apex is the - ANSWERPeriapex Periapical foramen - ANSWERAn opening at the apex where the blood vessels and nerves enter the canal Clinica