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WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-

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WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-

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  • 15 de junio de 2024
  • 640
  • 2023/2024
  • Examen
  • Preguntas y respuestas

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  • wgu d236 pathophysiology final exam with 100 veri

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  • Pathophysiology
  • Pathophysiology

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Question 1: What is the primary function of the sodium -potassium pump in cellular physiology? A. Maintain osmotic balance and cell volume B. Synthesize ATP C. Transport glucose into the cell D. Produce hormones Correct Answer: A. Maintain osmotic balance and cell volume Rationale: The sodium -potassium pump helps maintain osmotic balance and cell volume by pumping sodium out of and potassium into the cell, which is crucial for cell function. Question 2: Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating serum calcium levels? A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Parathyroid hormone D. Cortisol Correct Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates serum calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, reabsorption from the kidneys, and release from bones. Question 3: Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism? A. Weight gain B. Bradycardia C. Heat intolerance D. Cold intolerance Correct Answer: C. Heat intolerance Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases the body's metabolic rate, leading to heat intolerance, weight loss, and tachycardia. Question 4: What is the primary cause of edema in heart failure? A. Increased capillary oncotic pressure B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure C. Decreased capillary permeability D. Increased lymphatic drainage Correct Answer: B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure Rationale: In heart failure, increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to elevated venous pressure leads to fluid leakage into the interstitial space, causing edema. Question 5: What type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis? A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV Correct Answer: A. Type I Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a severe, immediate allergic reaction mediated by IgE antibodies, characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity. Question 6: Which of the following is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis? A. Asymmetrical joint involvement B. Osteophyte formation C. Synovial inflammation D. Heberden's nodes Correct Answer: C. Synovial inflammation Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic synovial inflammation, leading to joint pain, swelling, and deformity. Question 7: Which organ is primarily affected in cystic fibrosis? A. Heart B. Kidneys C. Liver D. Lungs Correct Answer: D. Lungs Rationale: Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs, causing thick mucus production that leads to respiratory infections and decreased lung function. Question 8: Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypernatremia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hypermagnesemia Correct Answer: A. Hypokalemia Rationale: Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can disrupt cardiac electrical activity and lead to arrhythmias. Question 9: What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease? A. Hypertension B. Diabetes mellitus C. Glomerulonephritis D. Polycystic kidney disease Correct Answer: B. Diabetes mellitus Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease due to diabetic nephropathy, which damages the kidneys over time. Question 10: What is the underlying mechanism of type 1 diabetes mellitus? A. Insulin resistance B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells C. Increased hepatic glucose production D. Decreased glucose uptake by muscles Correct Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system destroys insulin -producing beta cells in the pancreas. Question 11: Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of Reed -Sternberg cells? A. Non -Hodgkin lymphoma B. Hodgkin lymphoma C. Multiple myeloma D. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Correct Answer: B. Hodgkin lymphoma Rationale: Reed -Sternberg cells are a hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma, a type of lymphatic cancer. Question 12: Which disorder is characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system? A. Guillain -Barré syndrome B. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis C. Multiple sclerosis D. Myasthenia gravis Correct Answer: C. Multiple sclerosis Rationale: Multiple sclerosis involves demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system, leading to neurological symptoms. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

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