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  • 23 de junio de 2024
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社会结构的转变
Contents

Chapter 科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响 Pages
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
社会结构的转变
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
社会结构的转变
(4) ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正 DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA 信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC 社会结构的转变
& PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
& ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN -LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) 以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
社会结构的转变

科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
Multiple choice questions
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
Multiple choice questions

, 社会结构的转变
5
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
OF PHARMACOLOGY

PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
of new drug development
02. 仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on社会结构的转变
genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
c) Excretion of substances
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of 仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
社会结构的转变
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
d) Hydrophilic substances
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
renal tubules
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
b) Transport without energy consumption
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
社会结构的转变
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
of blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption 信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
and hepatic first-pass effect
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal 和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
c) Rectal
d) Intraduodenal
社会结构的转变
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
Multiple choice questions
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
Multiple choice questions

, 社会结构的转变
6

b) Oral 科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular 。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
12. What is characteristic of度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect 在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
b) A drug is exposed to和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
社会结构的转变
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral 科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation 。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions 仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
社会结构的转变
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False 科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
b) False
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
b) Cell membranes
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 社会结构的转变
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
a drug
b) Meningitis
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree 度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution 在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
(Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose 信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
to a body weight
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug 社会结构的转变
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
Multiple choice questions
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
Multiple choice questions

, 社会结构的转变
7
科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
a) True
b) False 。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
25. 度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble
社会结构的转变
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble
b) Water soluble 科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
c) Low molecular weight
d) High molecular weight。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation 信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
社会结构的转变
30. Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
d) Binding to plasma proteins
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in 信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
organism
d) Higher binding to membranes
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
32. Conjugation is:
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids
社会结构的转变
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation
b) Reduction 科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis 。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
c) Hydrolysis 信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
d) Methylation
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True 仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
b) False 和文化等方面产生了深远的影响。
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased 社会结构的转变
b) Enlarged
c) Remained unchanged 科技的发展还对社会结构产生了深远的影响
d) Changed insignificantly
。随着信息技术的普及，社会的信息传播速
度大大加快，传统的社会关系和权力结构正
在发生变化。例如，社交媒体的兴起，使得
信息传播变得更加迅速和广泛，任何人都可
以成为信息的生产者和传播者。这种变化不
Multiple choice questions
仅改变了人们的社交方式，也对政治、经济
Multiple choice questions

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