Alternation of generations - Cycle has BOTH multicellular haploid & multicellular diploid forms
Are the most visible life stages of the land plant groups sporophytes (2n) or gametophytes (n)? -
All are sporophyte except nonvascular is gametophyte
Changing-environment hypothesis - offspring that ...
Binghamton Bio 114 - Exam 3 Alternation of generations - Cycle has BOTH multicellular haploid & multicellular diploid forms Are the most visible life stages of the land plant groups sporophytes (2n) or gametophytes (n)? - All are sporophyte except nonvascular is gametophyte Changing -environment hypothesis - offspring that are genetic clones of their parents are unlikely to thrive if the environment changes Crossing over - homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information Diploid dominant life cycle - Similar to animal life cycle (majority of life is in diploid phase) Haploid dominant life cycle - Spend majority of life in haploid phase ex. Plasmodium How did mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve? - Endosymbiosis theory: evolved from bacterial cells How did the nuclear envelope evolve? - Increased infoldings of prokaryotic plasma membranes led to the evolution of the nucleus and evolution by natural selection. Independent assortment - random aligning of homologous chromosomes Land plants evolved from: - aquatic green algae Should stomata be open day and/or night? - Having stomata open at night instead of daytime would reduce water loss; more stomata should be open in the day b/c the Calvin Cycle requires CO2 Significance b/w protists and public health? - Malaria & other human pathogens/parasites Under what conditions are stomata likely to be opened? Closed? - - high water availability = open stomata - low water availability = closed stomata What are common examples of protists? - Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria) - example of haploid dominant What are the 3 different modes of reproduction and how much genetic diversity do they produce? - Asexual (mitosis) - LEAST genetic variation Sexual (self -fertilization) - MORE genetic variation Sexual (cross -fertilization) - MOST genetic variation What are the advantages of infoldings? - * Increases SA:V - more infoldings = more ATP produced, more waste excreted, & more nutrients absorbed * as a cell gets bigger, SA:V gets smaller What are the advantages of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells? - Enable increased ATP/energy production - mitochondria: aerobic respiration vs. glycolysis - chloroplasts: autotrophy vs. heterotrophy What are the characteristics of protists? - - most diverse group: uni- or multicellular diverse life cycles diverse metabolisms (hetero & photo) mobility - live in moist environments
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