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Human Physiology, Stuart Ira Fox Chapter 5| Questions and Answers

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Human Physiology, Stuart Ira Fox Chapter 5| Questions and Answers Liver converts fatty acids into acetyl CoA and then into ________ that circulate in blood *** ketone bodies If more amino acids are consumed than are needed, the excess can be used for energy or converted into ________ *** ...

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  • 29 de junio de 2024
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Human Physiology, Stuart Ira Fox Chapter 5| Questions
and Answers
Liver converts fatty acids into acetyl CoA and then into ________ that circulate in blood
*** ketone bodies

If more amino acids are consumed than are needed, the excess can be used for energy
or converted into ________ *** carbohydrates and fat

Metabolism *** all the reactions in the body that require energy transfer

Catabolism *** breaks down molecules and releases energy

Anabolism *** makes larger molecules and requires energy

T/F: Catabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids serve as energy source for
ATP anabolism *** TRUE

Glucose-6-phosphatase *** An enzyme in the liver that removes the phosphate so
glucose can enter the bloodstream

In the Kreb's Cycle, pyruvic acid converts to ________ when there is no oxygen ***
lactic acid

ketosis *** an abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood

Citric acid cycle (Kreb's cycle) occurs where? *** mitochondrial matrix; aerobic
reaction

electron transport chain occurs where? *** cristae of mitochondria inner membrane;
aerobic reaction

Glycolysis *** metabolic pathway by which glucose is split into 2 pyruvates; anaerobic

Glycolysis converts 1 glucose molecule into how many molecules of pyruvic acid? ***
2

In absence of oxygen, NADH gives its Hs (e) to pyruvate creating ________ *** lactic
acid

Lactic Acid Pathway *** when there is no oxygen to complete the breakdown of
glucose, NADH has to give its electrons to pyruvic acid. This results in the reformation
of NAD and the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid

, Lactic acid pathway occurs in the skeletal and heart muscle when oxygen supply falls
below critical level and during ________ or ________ *** heavy exercise; vascular
blockage

pyruvic acid + coenzyme A yields ________ *** Acetyl coenzyme A

How does the Kreb's cycle begin? *** with acetyl coA combining with oxaloacetic acid
to form citric acid

How many carbons molecules are released in the Kreb's cycle? *** 4

The Kreb's cycle produces ________ *** 6 NADH; 2 FADH2; 2 ATP; 4 CO2

oxidative phosphorylation *** Energy is used to phosphorylate ADP to make ATP

chemiosmotic theory *** A model to explain the synthesis of ATP; H+s diffuse down
their concentration through ATP synthase, into inner chamber (their energy drives ATP
synthesis)

O2 + 4e + 4H -> 2H2O *** formula for water reaction in the body

Direct (substrate-level) phosphorylation *** where ATP is generated when bonds
break; both ATPs in glycolysis made this way; 2 ATPs per glucose in Kreb's made this
way

How many ATPs are made through oxidative phosphorylation? *** 30-32

Gluconeogenesis *** The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as
amino acid and lactic acid primarily by the liver

Lipogenesis *** the formation of triglycerides (fat), primarily in adipose tissue

Lipolysis *** breakdown of triglycerides, primarily in adipose tissue

Glycogenesis *** production of glycogen from glucose when the glucose in the blood
exceeds the demand, mostly in skeletal muscles in liver

Cori Cycle *** Lactic acid is taken to the liver to be metabolized back into pyruvic acid
and then glucose

fatty acids + glycerol *** fat (triglycerides)

What is the major form of energy storage in the body? *** fat

Fat yields how many kilocalories/g? *** 9

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