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Summary IEB - Grade 12 - Economic Geography in South Africa
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In-depth grade 12 geography notes covering economic geography in South Africa. IEB syllabus.
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,Economic Geography of South Africa :structure of the economy "
economic sectors :
sector - one part/component of a larger system.
sect or -
PRIMARY SECTOR :
concerned with extraction of raw materials from the environment.
:
e.g. farming, fishing, forestry, mining.
SECONDARY SECTOR .
·
activities that process raw materials into useful goods.
e.g. steel making, food canning, construction.
TERTIARY SECTOR ·
provision of services.
e.g. doctors, accountants, teachers, lawyers.
QUATERNARY SECTOR :
I
Hi-tech sector linked to research and development.
D
e.g. scientists and researchers.
economic sectors contributions to SA economy :
economy - countries income and how it is spent.
-
two ways of measuring importance/value of economic sectors to total economy.⑧
employment - how many people have jobs in sector.
,
value of goods/services produced in sector.
·
GDP
GDP
- total goods/services produced in country - one year.
-
GNP - total goods/services produced in country by the permanent inhabitants - one year.
GND -
abt 7.1....of workers work in primary sector - 12.2 of GDP.
-
abt 21.7 of workers work in secondary sector - 20.8 of GDP.
·
abt 68.2 of workers work in tertiary sector - 61.0 of GDP.
....
abt 3 of workers work in quaternary sector - 6 of GDP.
use of statistical and geographical information
.
graphs and statistical data are of value for
understanding economies/geography of country.
Statistical
giving perspective on region.
planning funding/future developments of province.
identifying economic strength/weaknesses of country/province.
illustrating change over time.
statistical - information expressed as numbers.
, Economic Geography of South Africa
:
agricultural
farming, the use of land to grow crops and to rear animals.
contribution of agricultural to SA economy
food production - sufficient to meet demand, rids need of imports.
earner of foreign exchange - agricultural products are exported.
contribution to GDP - farmers pay taxes.
job creation - 10 of labour force employed.
industrial development - stimulation of industries by high volume of raw materials.
types of farming
EXTENSIVE
large farms.
amounts of labour and capital are small in relation to land area.
land - usually marginal (less fertile) and so large areas are needed to sustain farming activities.
large amounts of equipment.
Y
eg, maize/ cattle.
INTENSIVE
-
small farms.
-
high amount of labour or capital invested per unit of land area.
land is usually productive and so can sustain intense cultivation.
:
-
the yields per hectare is usually high.
-
less mechanisation - more manual labour.
eg, chicken farming.
COMMERCIAL (intensive)
farming that is for profit making.
farms are run as businesses to make money.
farmers want to seek maximum yield per hectare.
I
technology is used to max profit.
·
heavily reliant on water (irrigation / high rainfall).
farmers can afford machinery, fertilizers, pesticides.
often takes place on the edge of towns and cities.
common products - vegetables, poultry, eggs, dairy products.
SUBSISTENCE (extensive)
farming is by farmers for their own family or local community.
there is very little surplus left over for sale and farming is done for survival.
these farmers cannot improve their output due to lack of capital, technology, and land.
,
these farmers usually grow a number of different crops to meet their needs.
-
these farmers are most vulnerable to food shortages.
limited use of fertilizers and virtually no pesticides.
:
limited access to water.
basic, humble homes with no electricity, no internet, no running water.
role of small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers
SMALL-SCALE FARMING
small but economicaly viable piece of land used with the purpose of making a profit.
importance
to reduce poverty in rural areas.
to provide employment.
promotes food security.
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