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CPH Exam Environmental Health 2024 Complete 100% Correct Questions and Answers 2024 / 2025 (Verified Answers by Expert)

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CPH Exam Environmental Health 2024 Complete 100% Correct Questions and Answers 2024 / 2025 (Verified Answers by Expert) CPH EXAM (2024 / 2025) Actual Questions and Verified Answers / A+ Grade 100% Guarantee CPH EXAM (2024 / 2025) Actual Questions and Verified Answers & RatioCPH EXAM (2024 / 2025) A...

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CPH Exam Environmental Health.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/eewwww/CPH%20Exam%20Environme




CPH Exam Environmental Health



1. Environmental Health

ANS "those aspects of human health, disease, and injury thatare determined by physical,

chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors."

2. Environmental pollution

ANS *involve air, water, soil, solid and hazardous waste,radiation, and noise.

3. Environmental contaminant

ANS *"a substance that is either present in an environ-ment where it does not belong or is

present at levels that might cause harmful healtheffects".

4. Exposure to an environmental contaminant is defined as

ANS contact by an individual with a substance by swallowing, breathing, or touching the skin

or eyes.

5. Short term exposure

ANS *acute exposure of less than 24 hours

6. intermediate exposure

ANS exposure of weeks to months





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7. Long term exposure

ANS *chronic exposure of months to years.

8. Environmental exposure pathway elements

ANS 1. The contaminant source

2. The contaminated environmental media

3. The exposure point(s)

4. The exposure routes

5. The receptor population(s)

9. Exposure point

ANS *the place or "point" where a person can come into contact witha substance present in the

environment.

10. Route of contaminant exposure routes

ANS Direct intravenous administration ismost effective, followed by inhalation, oral, and

dermal.

11. Exposure assessment

ANS that field in environmental health dedicated to de-termining the extent of exposure

and hence one of the important aspects of thepotential of a toxicant to be harmful.

12. NRC hierarchy of data to assess exposure giving the highest preference toquantifiable





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data

ANS *quantified individual exposure measurements; quantified ambi-ent exposure

measurements; quantified surrogates of exposure; distance 'from' andduration 'of' exposure;

distance or duration of exposure; residence or employment proximity to the exposure source;

and residence or employment in geographic area.

13. Toxicology

ANS "the study of adverse effects of chemicals on biological systems."

14. Once exposure to a toxicant occurs, four key toxicokinetic processes take place

ANS absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

15. Primary routes of absorption

ANS Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact

16. Secondary routes of absorption

ANS breast milk, transplacental, and intrauterine

17. The biotransformation process can either lead to

ANS toxication resulting in theformation of harmful products (metabolic activation) or de-

toxication resulting eitherin the elimination of the toxicant or prevention of its formation

18. Toxication results in conversion of four chemical configurations

ANS elec- trophiles (electron-deficient); free radicals (containing highly reactive unpaired elec-





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trons); nucleophiles (negative charge- react with electrophiles); and redox- mole-cules (can

donate and accept electrons)

19. Biotransformation typically occurs in two phases

ANS *Phase I involves oxida-tion, reduction, and hydrolysis.

*Oxidation and dehydrogenation are more common than reduction.

*Phase II involves the attachment of a molecular side-chain to the chemical in aprocess

called chemical conjugation.

*This reaction usually makes it less toxic, more water soluble, and facilitates urinaryexcretion.

20. Excretion involves 4 major routes

ANS 1) through the kidney via urine

2) through the liver and the gastrointestinal system via feces

3) through the pulmonary system via exhaled air

4) via breast milk.

21. Excretion via the kidney is facilitated by

ANS *passive glomerular filtration for allmolecules 70,000 Daltons in size or smaller.

*Compounds bound to larger serum proteins are excreted via active tubular secre-tion.

*Passive tubular diffusion from the serum to the tubules (organic bases) and in the opposite







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