Sociology Chapters
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
Chapter 1 Highlights - correct answer ✔-the primary theme of sociology is
that our everyday thoughts and actions are the product of a complex interplay
between massive social forces and personal characteristics. We can't
understand the relationship between individuals and societies without
understanding both
-the sociological imagination is the ability to see the impact of social forces on
our private lives - an awareness that our lives lie at the intersection of
personal biography and societal history
-rather than studying what goes on within people, sociologists study what
goes on between people, whether as individuals, groups, organizations, or
entire societies. Sociology forces us to look outside the tight confines of our
individual personalities to understand the phenomena that shape us
altruistic suicide - correct answer ✔type of suicide that occurs where ties to
the group or community are considered more important than the individual
identity
anomic suicide - correct answer ✔type of suicide that occurs when the
structure of society is weakened or disrupted and people feel hopeless and
disillusioned
comparative method - correct answer ✔research technique that compares
existing official statistics and historical records across groups to test a theory
about some social phenomenon
egoistic suicide - correct answer ✔type of suicide that occurs in settings
where the individual is emphasized over group or community connections
,fatalistic suicide - correct answer ✔type of suicide that occurs when people
see no possible way to improve their oppressive circumstances
individualistic explanation - correct answer ✔tendency to attribute people's
achievements and failures to their personal qualities
sociological imagination - correct answer ✔ability to see the impact of social
forces on our private lives
sociology - correct answer ✔systematic study of human societies
Chapter 2 Highlights - correct answer ✔-although society exists as an
objective fact, it is also created, reaffirmed, and altered through the day-to-day
interactions of the very people it influences and controls
-humans are social beings. We look to others to help define and interpret
particular situations. Other people can influence what we see, feel, think, and
do
-society consists of socially recognizable combinations of individuals -
relationships, groups, and organizations - as well as the products of human
action - statuses, roles, culture, institutions, and broad societal forces such as
globalization
-there are three major sociological perspectives. The structural-functionalist
perspective focuses on the way various parts of society are structured and
interrelated to maintain stability and order. The conflict perspective
emphasizes how the various elements of society promote inequality and
conflict among groups of people. Symbolic interactionism seeks to understand
society and social structure through the interactions of people and the ways in
which they subjectively define their worlds.
achieved status - correct answer ✔social position acquired through our own
efforts or accomplishments or taken on voluntarily.
,ascribed status - correct answer ✔social position acquired at birth or taken
on involuntarily later in life
coalition - correct answer ✔subgroup of a triad, formed when two members
unite against the third member
conflict perspective - correct answer ✔theoretical perspective that views the
structure of society as a source of inequality that always benefits some groups
at the expense of other groups
culture - correct answer ✔language, values, beliefs, rules, behaviors, and
artifacts that characterize a society
dyad - correct answer ✔group consisting of two people
feminist perspective - correct answer ✔theoretical perspective that focuses
on gender as the most important source of conflict and inequality in social life
globalization - correct answer ✔process through which people's lives all
around the world become economically, politically, environmentally, and
culturally interconnected
group - correct answer ✔set of people who interact more or less regularly
and who are conscious of their identity as a unit
in-groups - correct answer ✔the groups to which we belong and toward
which we feel a sense of loyalty
, latent function - correct answer ✔unintended, unrecognized consequences
of activities that help some part of the social system
macrolevel - correct answer ✔way of examining human life that focuses on
the broad social forces and structural features of society that exist above the
level of individual people
manifest function - correct answer ✔intended, obvious consequences of
activities designed to help some part of the social system
microlevel - correct answer ✔way of examining human life that focuses on
the immediate, everyday experiences of individuals
norm - correct answer ✔culturally defined standard or rule of conduct
organization - correct answer ✔large, complex network of positions created
for a specific purpose and characterized by a hierarchical division of labor
out-groups - correct answer ✔the groups to which we don't belong and
toward which we feel a certain amount of antagonism
primary group - correct answer ✔collection of individuals who are together
for a relatively long period, whose members have direct contact with and feel
emotional attachment to one another
role - correct answer ✔set of expectations- rights, obligations, behaviors,
duties - associated with a particular status
