NUR 195 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers
The cardiac cycle consists of?
✓ ~~~ the systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of both atria, rapidly followed by
the systole and diastole of both ventricles
Blood pressure
✓ ~~~ the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
Cardiac Output
✓ ~~~ heart rate x stroke volume
Heart rate
✓ ~~~ Number of contractions per minute
Stroke volume
✓ ~~~ The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Pre-load
✓ ~~~ Amount of blood in ventricle after diastole (amount of stretch after filling)
After-load
✓ ~~~ the resistance to flow the ventricle must overcome (how big in diameter)
Contractility
, ✓ ~~~ Force
Contractility is __________________ w/ hypoxia or acidosis
✓ ~~~ decreased
Contractility is ____________________ w/ sympathetic stimulation or calcium
release
✓ ~~~ increased
Risks for CVD
✓ ~~~ 1. Family HX
2. Diabetes
3. Chronic Renal Disease
4. HTN
5. Dyslipidemia (abnormal amounts of fat)
S/S of CVD
✓ ~~~ 1. Chest pain
2. Fatigue
3. SOB (dyspnea)
4. Cough
5. Edema
6. Syncope
, 7. Palpations
Chest pain evaluation
✓ ~~~ PQRST
1.
2. Intensity
3. Radiation
4. Duration
5. Quality
**Ask what relieves pain**
**Ask dyspnea on exertion or at rest**
Palpatations
✓ ~~~ Could indicate abnormal heart rhythm
Syncope
✓ ~~~ Could indicate CO issue (mechanical or electrical)
Weight gain
✓ ~~~ Could indicate weakening heart
Physical Assessment of CVD
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