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Chapter 10: Behavioural and Cognitive Theories of Counselling Test Questions And Correct Answers.

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  • Grado
  • CNUR 201
  • Institución
  • CNUR 201

Behavioural Counselling - General approach - Answer help clients learn new, appropriate ways of acting, or to help them modify or eliminate excessive actions Behavioural therapy: View of human nature - Answer - Developed by BF Skinner - focus on behavioural processes - ovet behaviour - f...

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  • 20 de agosto de 2024
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
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  • Preguntas y respuestas
  • CNUR 201
  • CNUR 201
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Chapter 10: Behavioural and Cognitive
Theories of Counselling Test Questions
And Correct Answers.
Behavioural Counselling - General approach - Answer help clients learn new, appropriate ways of
acting, or to help them modify or eliminate excessive actions



Behavioural therapy: View of human nature - Answer - Developed by BF Skinner

- focus on behavioural processes - ovet behaviour

- focus on the present (here and now)

- assumption that all behaviour is learned (both + and -)

- belief that learning can be effective in changing maladaptive behaviour

- focus on setting up well-defined therapy goals with clients

- rejection that human personality is composed of traits



Behavioural therapy: Role of the Counsellor - Answer - counsellor can take on many different roles
depending on the client's goals

- counsellor is active in sessions

- can function as a consultant, teacher, adviser, reinforcer, and facilitator

- involves the client in every phase of counselling



Behavioural therapy: Goals - Answer - want to help clients make good adjustments to life
circumstances and achieve personal and professional objectives or goals

- the focus is on modifying or eliminating maladaptive behaviours and helping the client acquire healthy,
constructive ways of acting

- unproductive behaviours must be replaced with productive ones

- client and counsellor work towards mutually agreed-upon goals

, Behavioural therapy: Techniques (7 General techniques) - Answer 1. Use of reinforcers - positive or
negative - increase or decrease the probability of a behaviour happening again

2. Schedules of reinforcement - reinforcement after each time the behaviour occurs (at the beginning)
and less frequently as the behaviour has been established

3. Shaping - behaviour learned gradually in steps - helps break down the behaviour into manageable
parts

4. Generalization - displaying behaviours outside of the environment in which they were originally
learned

5. maintenance - consistently performing actions w/o support - self-observation (notice behaviours in
themselves) and self-recording

6. extinction - eliminating a behaviour because they are not being rewarded for that behaviour any
longer

7. punishment - presenting an aversive stimulus to suppress or eliminate behaviour



Behavioural therapy: Techniques (9 specific techniques) - Answer 1. behavioural rehearsal - practicing
the desired behaviour until it is performed the way one wishes

2. env'tal planning - client sets up part of the env't to promote or limit certain behaviours

3. systematic desensitization - overcome the anxiety of particular situations. a client describes the
situation, counsellors teach how to relax in that situation

4. assertiveness training - reinforcing assertiveness

5. contingency contracts - spell out the behaviours that need to be performed, changed, or discontinued

6. implosion and flooding - desensitizing a client to a situation by having them imagine an anxiety-
producing situation. The client is not taught to relax at first.

7. time-out - mild aversive technique, the client is separated from positive reinforcement

8. overcorrection - client restores the env't to its natural state, then makes it better than normal

9. covert sensitization - undesired behaviour is eliminated by associating it with unpleasantness



Behavioural Therapy: Strengths - Answer - deals directly with symptoms

- focuses on the present

- offers numerous techniques for counsellors to use

- based on learning theory - well informed

- supported by very good research

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