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Microbiology Quiz 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Microbiology Quiz 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded| 100% Verified
genome - complete set of genetic information
gene - functional unit; encodes gene production, usually protein
gene product - protein or RNA
genomics - study of nucleotide sequence
Cells must accomplish two tasks to multiply - DNA replication
Gene expression (transcription and translation)
DNA structure - - made of deoxyribonucleotides
- double stranded
- A-T, C-G
- longer
RNA structure - - made of ribonucleotides
- single stranded
- A-U, G-C (uracil instead of thymine)
- shorter
DNA replication steps - 1. helicase unzips DNA
2. primase adds prime (5 to 3)- makes short complimentary strand and allows RNA to attach
3. DNA polymerase adds nucleotide to the 3' end
4. leading strand- new strand will be continuous
5. lagging strand- will not be synthesized continuously
, 6. okazaki fragments attach to lagging strand
7. ligase adds nucleotides to patch holes and stitch fragments
what is the plus strand of DNA - the 3' sense
what is the minus strand of DNA - the 5' antisense
semiconservative replication - The process in which the DNA molecule uncoils and separates into two
strands. Each original strand becomes a template on which a new strand is constructed, resulting in two
DNA molecules identical to the original DNA molecule.
RNase - degrades mRNA
describe the transcription of DNA to RNA - RNA polymerase binds to DNA, elongation, termination
the promoter - the beginning of transcription
the terminator region - the end of transcription
RNA polymerase binds to - promoter sequence
mRNA has - introns that are spliced by enzymatic removal
describe the translation of RNA into protein - Initiation of translation, elongation of the polypeptide
chain, termination of translation
genetic code - 3 nucleotides (codon)
Start codon amino acid - AUG (methionine)
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