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PUBH 201 COL 2 (Ch. 6-8 + GuestSpeakers)
Screening programs - correct answer ✔✔The use of tests on individuals who do not have symptoms of a
specific disease; early detection (secondary intervention); reduce disability and/or death
Sequential Testing - correct answer ✔✔Two or more tests are often needed for an asymptomatic disease
Ideal criteria for a screening program - correct answer ✔✔1. Substantial death and/or disability
2. Early detection possible and improves outcome
3. Screening is feasible
4. Screening is acceptable in terms of harms, costs, and patient acceptance
False Positives - correct answer ✔✔People who test positive but do not have the disease
False Negatives - correct answer ✔✔People who tested negative but actually have the disease
True Positives - correct answer ✔✔People who have the disease and test positive for it
Cost-effectiveness - correct answer ✔✔Combines benefits and harms with financial costs; compares new
intervention to current or standard intervention; ideally decreased costs and increased effectiveness
Net-Effectiveness - correct answer ✔✔Implies that the benefits are substantially greater than the harms,
even after the value, as well as the timing of the harms and benefits, are taken into account
Population health approach to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases - correct answer
✔✔Multiple interventions; combine health care, traditional public health approaches, and social
interventions
, Epidemiological transition - correct answer ✔✔Prior to social and economical development,
communicable diseases represent the primary cause of disability or death. As social and economical
growth progresses, noncommunicable disease predominate as the leading cause of death and disability.
Strategies to control communicable diseases - correct answer ✔✔1. Barrier protections
2. Immunizations
3. Screening and case finding
4. Treatment and contact treatment
5. Efforts to maximize effectiveness of treatment and prevent resistance to treatment
Epidemic - correct answer ✔✔A term used when a disease has increased in frequency in a defined
geographic area far above its usual rate
Endemic - correct answer ✔✔A term that implies that a disease is present in a community at all times
but at a relatively low rate
Pandemic - correct answer ✔✔An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing
international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of people
Route of Transmission - correct answer ✔✔The anatomical and physiological methods for transmission
from person to person and from animal species to humans; greatly affects transmission possibility
Measles - correct answer ✔✔Even though a safe and cost-effective vaccine is available, in 2017, there
were 110 000 measles deaths globally, mostly among children under the age of five.
Measles vaccination resulted in a 80% drop in measles deaths between 2000 and 2017 worldwide.
During 2000-2017, measles vaccination prevented an estimated 21.1 million deaths making measles
vaccine one of the best buys in public health.
Human Microbiome - correct answer ✔✔Microbial organisms that live in association with humans,
especially in the gastrointestinal tract; antibiotics impact microbiome; some organisms develop antibiotic
resistance
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