"Beyond the Pleasure Principle" (1920), Chapters II, III, IV, and V, SE (Standard Edition), XVIII, 12-42.
"The Ego and the Id" (1923), Chapters I, II, III, and V, SE, XIX, 15-20, 21-40, and 49-59.
Beyond the Pleasure Principle.
The first topography is conscious, unconscious, and preconscious.
The second topography is the id, ego, and superego.
So where are these three instances located?
Consciousness will be situated in relation to the external world
and will be linked to perceptions.
The preconscious is found at the boundary between the
external and the internal, which is slightly more than
consciousness.
The unconscious is deep within, located internally, and is the source of all the energy that
flows through the psychic apparatus.
The patient always repeats unpleasant experiences in action, which relates to an unwanted
fidelity, as what is repeated is tied to the unpleasantness that occurs in transference. Beyond
repetition, there is an inability to remember, and the death drive fuels this repetition.
The vesicle model raises questions about what happens with the life drive and the death drive,
representing the concept of instinctual dualism.
The life drives include ego drives and self-preservation drives, which are distinct from the
death drives.
Inside the vesicle, there are also internal stimuli. The instinctual drives come from within,
and there is no way to protect against them, so what the psychic apparatus does is project
them outward into the external world as a defense mechanism. This strategy treats internal
stimuli as external to shield itself somewhat from being overwhelmed.
Later, these stimuli are processed through language, on the plane of representation.
This free energy, which begins to be unified within the apparatus, starts moving through
representations, investing in representations—Freud called these mobile investments.
In the first stage, the energy is scattered, and the apparatus makes a great effort to bind this
economic imbalance.
, In the second stage, the energy is bound through other representations, and there remains
unbound energy, which is connected to the death drive—that which repeats silently and, at
the same time, drives the psychic system forward as it attempts to bind it.
Does the apparatus manage to bind all the energy? There is always a remainder—a surplus of
unbound energy circulating within the apparatus, which would be the death drive. This is the
reason the subject does not always seek their own well-being; it is something that cannot be
articulated.
The traumatic is internal in itself, generating this rupture of the anti-stimulus layer.
There is an attempt to differentiate the external from the internal.
The death drive is constitutive of trauma.
I include the death drive in the reformulation of trauma.
Trauma encompasses all this explanation.
The compulsion to repeat is a theoretical construct that manifests in a whole series of
phenomena, being more primal and instinctual than the pleasure principle.
Second Topography.
The Ego, the Id, and the Superego.
I and II.
The Second Topography arises from the dualism of drives, as the conscious, preconscious,
and unconscious are insufficient because the unconscious is also present within the ego.
The third concept is structural understanding, referring to the unconscious aspect of the Ego.
In the first chapter, the question is raised about the nature of the unconscious and how many
types of unconscious exist. Two main types of unconscious are described.
First, there is the latent or descriptive unconscious, consisting of representations that can
become conscious for a brief period but then return to being unconscious. It is called "latent"
because it was initially susceptible to consciousness. This type of unconscious lies somewhat
descriptively in the effort to understand what is there. The other type is the repressed
unconscious, which is dynamic. In this case, the representations do not become conscious due
to a force called resistance, which represses and keeps them unconscious. This type of
unconscious never becomes conscious, and its dynamism lies in the repression process.
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