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NUR2474 Exam 1 Study Guide Pharmacology Rasmussen University: Questions & Answers
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NUR2474 Exam 1 Study Guide PharmacologyRasmussen University: Questions & Answers
Parkinson's Disease Right Ans - 1. Incurable, cannot be slowed down,
chronic degenerative disease.
2. Treatment is to treat symptoms!
3. Dyskinesias (motor symptoms).
4. Akinesias (nonmotor symptoms).
5. Goal for treatment is to improve patients ability to do ADLs.
Biggest medication error is misinterpreting prescriptions Right Ans - i. Do
not assume if something is unclear about an order. Clarify with prescriber.
ii. TORB and VORB
(Telephone order read back) (Verbal order read back).
Pre- medication administration assessment and interventions Right Ans -
1. If patient is complaining of pain 10/10, intervene (prn meds, standing
orders, call physician for new orders) then assess.
2. Collection of baseline data to evaluate therapeutic effects and adverse
effects.
3. Identification of high-risk patients.
4. Assessment of the patient's capacity for self-care.
5. Allergies?
a) Collect history. What happens during an allergic reaction?
b) If patient is having an allergic reaction: primary intervention is to STOP
THE MEDICATION THAT IS CAUSING THE REACTION.
6. If patient refuses drug, determine why. INVESTIGATE.
Post- medication administration assessment and interventions Right Ans -
1. Therapeutic response 2. Adverse reaction and interaction
3. Adherence to treatment
4. Satisfaction with treatment
Patient teaching for medication therapy in general (safety, and compliance)
Right Ans - i. Safety
1. If medication causing certain side effects, consult physician.
ii. Compliance
,1. It is important not to stop or change a medication without consulting the
physician.
2. Take medications as prescribed and for the reason they are prescribed.
6 rights of med administration Right Ans - i. Patient
ii. Drug
iii. Dose
iv. Time
v. Route
vi. Documentation
Extra rights to med admin Right Ans - i. Assessment
ii. Evaluation
iii. Patient to education iv. Patient to refuse care
Side effects vs adverse effects vs allergies Right Ans - a. Side effects.
i. Nausea, vomiting, expected and unavoidable reactions, drug effects
produced at therapeutic level.
b. Adverse effects.
i. Noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses,
harmful at therapeutic level.
c. Allergies.
i. Redness, itching, hives, swelling; A condition in which the immune system
reacts abnormally to a foreign substance.
a. Side effects. Right Ans - i. Nausea, vomiting, expected and unavoidable
reactions, drug effects produced at therapeutic level.
b. Adverse effects. Right Ans - i. Noxious, unintended, and undesired effect
that occurs at normal drug doses, harmful at therapeutic level.
c. Allergies. Right Ans - i. Redness, itching, hives, swelling; A condition in
which the immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance.
Intended effect Right Ans - i. Maintenance of vital signs within expected
limits.
ii. Decrease in the risk of seizures.
iii. Decrease in the intensity of withdrawal manifestations.
iv. Substitution therapy during alcohol withdrawal.
, Teratogenic effect Right Ans - i. Drug-induced birth defect.
ii. Birth defects are not limited to distortions of gross anatomy; they also
include neurobehavioral and metabolic anomalies.
Paradoxical effect Right Ans - i. Opposite the intended drug effect.
ii. Common example:
1. Insomnia and excitement that may occur when some children and older
adults are given benzodiazepines for sedation.
Tolerance Right Ans - i. Pharmacodynamic tolerance
1. Reduced responsiveness to a medication that clients take over time.
ii. Metabolic tolerance 1. Metabolism of medication increases over time and
the effectiveness of the medication declines.
iii. Cross-tolerance
1. Become tolerant to a medication that is chemically similar to another
medication they became tolerant of.
i. Pharmacodynamic tolerance Right Ans - 1. Reduced responsiveness to a
medication that clients take over time.
ii. Metabolic tolerance Right Ans - 1. Metabolism of medication increases
over time and the effectiveness of the medication declines.
iii. Cross-tolerance Right Ans - 1. Become tolerant to a medication that is
chemically similar to another medication they became tolerant of.
Half-life of medications Right Ans - a. Defined as the time required for the
amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%.
b. Percentage versus amount.
c. Determines the dosing interval.
Half-life of Modafinil (CNS suppressant; narcolepsy) Right Ans - About 15
hours.
Half-life of Phenytoin (Seizures) Right Ans - 8-60 hours
1. lower doses: 8 hours. 2. higher doses: 60 hours.
Half-life of Fluvoxamine (SSRI) Right Ans - About 15 hours.
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