NR507 Final Exam 2024 / NR 507 Week 8 Exam Advanced
Pathophysiology Expected Questions and Answers (2024 /
2025) (Verified Answers)- Chamberlain
_________ of laryngeal respiratory epithelium has occurred in a
smoker. The chronic irritation has led to an exchange of one
type of epithelium (normal respiratory epithelium) for another
(more resilient squamous epithelium). This is not a normal
physiologic process and may be the first step toward neoplasia.
Is it reversible? Correct Answers metaplasia
-yes it is reversible
______________ is a systemic treatment in which antineoplastic
agents reach the site of the tumor and other distant sites Correct
Answers Chemotherapy
______________ therapy uses high energy particles or waves to
destroy or damage cancer cells Correct Answers Radiation
"Molecular Mimicry" involves:
A. Pathogens mounting an immune response against helper T
cells to prevent cytokine release.
B. An immune response directed against self antigens after the
immune system has responded to foreign antigens with similar
molecular structure.
C. Autoantibodies are formed in response to defective Cytotoxic
T cell programming.
D. Plasma cells form a response against foreign antigens by
releasing antibodies of matching molecular structure. Correct
,Answers B. An immune response directed against self antigens
after the immune system has responded to foreign antigens with
similar molecular structure.
1st exposure of hypersensitivity Correct Answers allergen is
processed by the immune system.
-1st time no symptoms
-Plasma cells produce antibodies (IgE) against the allergen
-IgE becomes fixed on mast cells
They are now termed "sensitized mast cells"
2nd exposure Correct Answers allergen binds with IgE causing
degranulation of Mast Cell and release of histamine
-Histamine causes vasodilation and increased capillary
permeability resulting in the signs and symptoms of the allergic
response
3 things you can learn from a biopsy Correct Answers if the
cell is a live or dead, fatty change, hydropic degeneration,
hypertrophy etc.
3 types do deficiency Correct Answers ischemia (blood)
hypoxia (oxygen)
nutritional
-primary-not in one's diet
-secondary-in one's diet, but unable to use
,3 types of hypertrophy Correct Answers Normal hypertrophy -
increase during exercise
Pathological hypertrophy - myocardial cells enlarge due to
valvular stenosis
Compensatory hypertrophy - one kidney gets larger due to the
other one either not forming or being removed
6. Which of the following would be an example of a biological
exogenous toxin:
A. bacterial toxins
B. lead
C. CCl4-
D. radiation Correct Answers A. bacterial toxins
63-year-old woman has the sudden onset of 'knife-like' pain in
the chest radiating to the back. She has been previously healthy
except for a history of poorly controlled hypertension. She is
transported to the hospital and on arrival she has a heart rate of
90/minute, respirations 20/minute, temperature 36.8°C, and
blood pressure 90/40 mm Hg. No murmurs, rubs, or gallops are
audible. A chest radiograph reveals a widened mediastinum.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Fibrinous pericarditis
B. Aortic dissection
, C. Cardiac tamponade
D. Right side CHF
E. Myocardial infarction Correct Answers B. Aortic dissection
A 25-year-old woman has been feeling tired for the past 4
weeks. She says she "aches all over" (particularly her shoulders
and hips). Physical examination reveals a butterfly shaped facial
rash. Laboratory findings include a positive test for anti nuclear
antibodies, abnormal protein in the urine, normal liver enzymes
and a near normal CBC. Given the laboratory findings and the
results of the lab work, you tentatively diagnose her with:
A. Multiple Sclerosis
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Correct Answers D.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
A 27-year-old woman is given intravenous penicillin to treat
infective endocarditis. Within minutes of starting this therapy,
she begins to have severe difficulty breathing with respiratory
stridor and tachypnea. She suddenly develops an erythematous
skin rash over most of her body. Her symptoms are most likely
to be produced by release of which of the following chemical
mediators?
A. Interleukin 1
B. IgG
C. MAC
D. Histamine
E. Perforin Correct Answers D. Histamine
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