NURS 6501 - Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Questions
With Complete Solutions
1. A nurse in a provider's office is obtaining a history from a
client who is being evaluated for benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH). Which of the following findings are indicative of this
condition? (Select all that apply.)
A. Backache
B. Frequent urinary tract infections
C. Weight loss
D. Hematuria
E. Urinary incontinence Correct Answers 1. A. INCORRECT:
Backache occurs in the presence of prostate cancer that has
spread to other areas of the body.
B. CORRECT: In the presence of BPH, pressure on urinary
structures leads to urinary stasis, which in turn promotes the
occurrence of urinary tract infections.
C. INCORRECT: Weight loss occurs in the presence of prostate
cancer.
D. CORRECT: Painless hematuria occurs in the presence of
BPH.
E. CORRECT: Overflow incontinence occurs in the presence of
BPH due to an increased volume of residual urine.
NCLEX® Connection: Physiological Adaptations,
Pathophysiology
1. A nurse is completing the admission assessment of a client
who has a kidney stone. Which of the following is an expected
finding?
A. Bradycardia
,B. Diaphoresis
C. Nocturia
D. Bradypnea Correct Answers 1. A. INCORRECT:
Tachycardia is a clinical manifestation associated with a client
who has a kidney stone.
B. CORRECT: Diaphoresis is a clinical manifestation
associated with a client who has a kidney stone.
C. INCORRECT: Oliguria is a clinical manifestation associated
with a client who has a kidney stone.
D. INCORRECT: Tachypnea is a clinical manifestation
associated with a client who has a kidney stone.
NCLEX® Connection: Physiological Adaptations,
Pathophysiology
2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a left renal calculus and
an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following
assessment findings requires immediate intervention by the
nurse?
A. Flank pain that radiates to the lower abdomen
B. Client report of nausea
C. Absent urine output for 2 hr
D. Client report of feeling sweaty Correct Answers 2. A.
INCORRECT: Flank pain radiating to the lower abdomen is a
finding associated with renal calculus, but there is another
finding that requires immediate intervention by the nurse.
B. INCORRECT: Client report of nausea is a finding associated
with renal calculus, but there is another finding that requires
immediate intervention by the nurse.
C. CORRECT: When using the acute vs. chronic approach to
care, no urine output for 2 hr requires immediate intervention by
,the nurse. This indicates kidney dysfunction, and the provider
should be notified immediately.
D. INCORRECT: Diaphoresis is a finding associated with renal
calculus, but there is another finding that requires immediate
intervention by the nurse.
NCLEX® Connection: Physiological Adaptations, unexpected
Response to Therapies
2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The nurse should anticipate
a prescription for which of the following medications?
A. Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
B. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
C. Ipratropium (Atrovent)
D. Tamsulosin (Flomax) Correct Answers 2. A. INCORRECT:
Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication that is used to treat
overactive bladder. Anticholinergic medications are
contraindicated for a client who has BPH. Oxybutynin causes
urinary retention.
B. INCORRECT: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and is
contraindicated for a client who has BPH. Diphenhydramine
causes urinary retention.
C. INCORRECT: Ipratropium is an anticholinergic used to treat
asthma and other respiratory conditions. Anticholinergic
medications are contraindicated for a client who has BPH.
Ipratropium causes urinary retention.
D. CORRECT: Tamsulosin is an alpha-adrenergic receptor
antagonist that relaxes the bladder outlet and the prostate gland,
which improves urinary flow.
NCLEX® Connection: Pharmacological and Parenteral
Therapies, Medication Administration
, 3. A nurse is instructing a client who is scheduled for a
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) about his
postoperative care. Which of the following information should
the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "You may have a continuous sensation of needing to void
even though you have a catheter."
B. "You will be on bed rest for the first 2 days after the
procedure."
C. "You will be instructed to limit your fluid intake after the
procedure."
D. "Your urine should be clear yellow the evening after the
surgery." Correct Answers 3. A. CORRECT: To reduce the
risk of postoperative bleeding, the client will have a catheter
with a large balloon that places pressure on the internal sphincter
of the bladder. Pressure on the sphincter causes a continuous
sensation of needing to void.
B. INCORRECT: The client is ambulated early in the
postoperative period to reduce the risk of deep-vein thrombosis
and other complications that occur due to immobility.
C. INCORRECT: The client is encouraged to increase his fluid
intake unless contraindicated by another condition. A liberal
fluid intake reduces the risks of urinary tract infection and
dysuria.
D. INCORRECT: The client's urine is expected to be pink the
first 24 hr after surgery.
NCLEX® Connection: Reduction of Risk Potential,
Therapeutic Procedures
3. A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client who
had spontaneous passage of a calcium phosphate kidney stone.
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