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Bio 102 Biodiversity Notes
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This is a comprehensive and detailed note on biodiversity for Bio 102. *Essential Study Material!!
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Biological Diversity Biodiversity can be recognized on several distinct levels but changes through time● Diversity of life on earth
● 3 main levels
○ Species
○ Genetic: variety of alleles and genes
○ Ecosystem: highest level; variety of communities
● Species diversity
○ Species richness: count of species present in defined region
○ Species evenness: measurement of how evenly distributed organisms are among
species (relative abundance of each species present)
○ Weighted measure that has both richness and evenness
○ For any given species richness:
■ ↑ Species diversity: If evenness is high that is, if all species have a
comparable abundance
■ ↓ Species diversity: One or just few species dominate a community
● How species diversity is measured
○ Transects, traps, quadrants, mark and recapture techniques
○ DNA barcoding: uses a well characterized gene sequence to identify distinct
species
○ Closer to equator = higher species diversity
● Genetic diversity
○ Measure as the number and relative frequency of all genes and alleles present
○ Key for adapting to change
○ Genome sequencing: sequence genomes of same species to see how many
dierent alleles are present
○ Environmental sequencing: all the genes a species should have environment
● Ecosystem diversity
○ Number of dierent ecosystems on planet or within geographic area
● What happens when ecosystems disappear?
○ Loss prairies = loss of animals, loss of rich natural soil
○ When one is lost all other ecosystems are aected
● Ecosystem function: sum of biological and chemical processes that are characteristic of
given ecosystem
○ Primary production, decomposition, nitrogen and carbon cycling
○ Species richness increases aspects of ecosystem function
■ Productivity
■ Resistance
■ Resilience
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