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PCB 3233 exam 1(questions with complete solutions graded A+
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PCB 3233 exam 1(questions with complete solutions graded A+
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PCB 3233 exam 1Order: Transcription, Replication, Translation - correct answer ✔✔Replication, Transcription, Translation
Immunology - correct answer ✔✔study of physiological mechanisms that are used to defend the body
from the body from invasion by foreign or infectious diseases
2 branches of Immunology - correct answer ✔✔1. Innate 2. Adaptive (overlap)
Innate Immune System - correct answer ✔✔fixed defenses, bares onto pathogen immediately to within
hours to 1-2 days, quick, use different receptors to recognize pathogens, specificity for microbes
Adaptive Immune System - correct answer ✔✔flexible but specific, bares onto pathogen about 7 days
later, slower, uses one types of od receptor to recognize many pathogens, highly specific for antigens
Which is more "powerful" innate or adaptive - correct answer ✔✔adaptive, memory can recognized up
to 10^16 different invaders, make antibodies that can recognize
Microbes - correct answer ✔✔they are EVERYWHERE, not always harmful some provide benefits (ex.
e.coli in intestines) some cause disease (ex. pathogen), survive plant/animals, release digestive enzymes,
Extracellular microbes - correct answer ✔✔grow on living tissues where they are bathed in nutrients
Intracellular microbes - correct answer ✔✔infect animal/ human cells utilizing host cell sources
Gram negative bacteria - correct answer ✔✔we have receptors bind to outer member that contains LPS,
staining is pink
3 types of gram negative bacteria - correct answer ✔✔e. coli, salmonella, pseudomonas
,Gram positive bacteria - correct answer ✔✔we have recptors bind to teichoic acids, staining is purple
4 types of gram positive bacteria - correct answer ✔✔bacillus, streptococcus, staphylococcus,
micrococcus
2 types of Viruses - correct answer ✔✔HIV, influenza
Which are larger bacteria or viruses? - correct answer ✔✔Bacteria
Influeza - correct answer ✔✔constantly changing don't have protection for life
Vaccination - correct answer ✔✔basis of memory, show your immune system the antigens of a virus
Protective Immunity - correct answer ✔✔people who survive a specific infection become immune to it,
immune system must first engage the microorganism
7 days - correct answer ✔✔lag time between infection and protection
Attenuated/ killed infectious agent - correct answer ✔✔disease is prevented by prior exposure to
Thucydides, 430 BC - correct answer ✔✔recognized that only those who had recovered from the plague
could nurse the sick with becoming sick again
Chinese and Turks, 1500s - correct answer ✔✔used dried crusts from smallpox pustules to induce
immunity
Jenner, 1796 - correct answer ✔✔realized milkmaids who contracted cowpox were not susceptible to
smallpox, theorized cowpox pustule would induce immunity to smallpox, tested on 8 year old boy,
injected fluid cowpox then smallpox, didn't contract smallpox, called vaccination, provides long term
protection against real pathogen with little risk of becoming sick
, Pathogens - correct answer ✔✔any organism with potential to cause disease
Ex. of pathogens - correct answer ✔✔influenza and typhoid bascillus
Opportunistic pathogens - correct answer ✔✔cause disease if the body's defense are are weakened or
its get into a part of the body it isnt normally found
ex. opportunistic pathogen - correct answer ✔✔e coli fine when in GI tract however bad if it gets in the
blood stream
Replication times... - correct answer ✔✔favor the pathogen
4 types of pathogens (smallest to largest) - correct answer ✔✔1. viruses
2. bacteria
3. fungi
4. parasites
ex. of each/ what they cause
1. viruses
2. bacteria
3. fungi
4. parasites - correct answer ✔✔1. HIV... AIDS
2. mycobacterium tuberculosis... tuberculosis
3. candida albicans... thrush (normal inhabitant of body)
4. trypanosoma brucei... sleeping sickness
True or false, antibiotic know the difference of good and bad bacteria - correct answer ✔✔false, there is
no specificity for the pathogen so large amount of bacteria (+/-) is killed
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