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Immunology Final- Weigel PCB 3233 fully solved
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Immunology Final- Weigel PCB 3233mast cells - correct answer ✔✔involved in allergic responses in tissue
eosinophils - correct answer ✔✔Stain red
fight parasitic worm infections
basophils - correct answer ✔✔stain with basic dyes (blue); controlling immune responses to parasites
involved in allergic responses in blood
megakaryocyte - correct answer ✔✔a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood
platelets when its cytoplasm becomes fragmented
erythrocytes - correct answer ✔✔Oxygen carrying cell (RBC)
antibodies (Abs) - correct answer ✔✔immunoglobulins;
- part of humoral immunity
MALT - correct answer ✔✔defends mucosal surfaces lining of digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts
GALT - correct answer ✔✔includes tonsils, adenoids, appendix and Peyer's patches that line the gut
BALT - correct answer ✔✔bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues
CR3 and CR4 recognize - correct answer ✔✔iC3b
LPS
,Factor P - correct answer ✔✔binds to C3 convertase on microbial surfaces and protects it from inhibition
by factor H
antimicrobial peptides - correct answer ✔✔defensins, two types : alpha and beta; secreted by epithelial
cells - penetrates the microbial membrane and disrupts it
C-reactive Protein (CRP) - correct answer ✔✔pentamer of identical subunits, binds to phosphorycholine
component of LPS; binds with C1q
toll-like receptors (TLRs) - correct answer ✔✔receptors or sensors for pathogen components that signal
macrophage to make and secrete cytokines
TLR-4 - correct answer ✔✔senses ligand LPS; expressed on macrophages; sends signal to the nucleus of
the macrophage to secrete inflammatory cytokines as well as cytokines that activate innate immune
response
IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha - correct answer ✔✔induces blood vessels to become more permeable,
> effector cells and fluid containing soluble effector molecules enter infected tissue
IL-6 - correct answer ✔✔induces fat and muscle cells to metabolize
make heat
raise the temperature in the infected tissue
IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha - correct answer ✔✔pyrogens, inflammatory cytokines
CXCL8 - correct answer ✔✔= IL-8; recruits neutrophils from the blood and guides them to the infected
tissue
IL-12 - correct answer ✔✔recruits and activates NK cells that in turn secrete cytokines that strengthen
the macrophages response to infection
NOD-Like receptors - correct answer ✔✔cytoplasmic receptors for recognition of pathogens
, NOD-1 - correct answer ✔✔recognizes a degradation product of gram (-) peptidoglycan
NOD-2 - correct answer ✔✔recognizes a degradation product of most bacteria- murmyl dipeptide
leukocyte adhesion molecules - correct answer ✔✔1. L-selectins- carbohydrate -binding lectins
- Ligand = GlyCAM-1, CD34, MadCAM-1
2. vascular addressins (CD34) - contain carbohydrate groups which selectins bind
- Ligand = L-selectin
3. integrins (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18)- bind to Ig superfamily proteins
- Ligand = ICAMs
4. immunoglobulin superfamily (CD2/LFA-2) - ICAM-1
- Ligand = LFA-3
extravasation - correct answer ✔✔allow the neutrophils to exit the blood near the site of infection
(rolling adhesion> tight binding> diapedesis > migration)
respiratory burst - correct answer ✔✔transient increase in oxygen consumption= purpose is to raise the
pH of the phagosome so the granule contents can become active to kill pathogen
netosis - correct answer ✔✔a way neutrophils die that leads to capture and destruction of the pathogen
acute phase proteins - correct answer ✔✔produced in response to inflammatory cytokines; produced by
hepatocytes in liver
MASP - correct answer ✔✔MBL-associated serine protease
- MASP-1 and MASP-2
- MASP-2 (serine protease)
- cleaves C4 and C2
- initiates complement activation
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