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UMD BSCI 330 exam 2 Questions and Answers with complete solution
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How does translation terminate? - ️️-stop codon (UAA, UAG,UGA) -instead of tRNA, release factor binds to ribosome, causing hydrolysis of the peptidyl tRNA, releasing the completed protein -ribosome dissociates into its subunits, releasing mRNA, release factor, and tRNA mRNA and protein synt...

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  • 17 de octubre de 2024
  • 15
  • 2024/2025
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  • umd bsci 330

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  • UMD BSCI 330
  • UMD BSCI 330

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UMD BSCI 330 exam 2
How does translation terminate? - ✔️✔️-stop codon (UAA, UAG,UGA)
-instead of tRNA, release factor binds to ribosome, causing hydrolysis of the peptidyl
tRNA, releasing the completed protein
-ribosome dissociates into its subunits, releasing mRNA, release factor, and tRNA

mRNA and protein synthesis are very energetically - ✔️✔️adding each subunit requires
the conversion of an NTP to an NMP, equivalent to hydrolyzing 2 ATPS to ADP
-elongation step consume multiple ATP/GTP
-splicing and proofreading use up even more ATP/GTP molecules


codon - ✔️✔️set of 3 nucleotides
-most amino acids have multiple corresponding codons

tRNA - ✔️✔️matches amino acids with codons
-amino acid is covalently attached to the 3' end of the tRNA
-contains loop with an anticodon that is complementary to the appropriate amino acids
codon

Amino acid activation - ✔️✔️-first activated by conjugation to AMP (energetically
expensive) then the aa is transferred to tRNA, resulting in a high energy bond

Proofreads translation - ✔️✔️Synthetase, each aa has a distinct synthetase which
proofreads for accuracy

ribsozyme - ✔️✔️rRNAs make up the structural and catalytic core

Ribosome function - ✔️✔️reads mRNA from 5 to 3, reading 3 bases at a time
-ribosome chooses one of three potential rwading frames

How does translation begin? - ✔️✔️codon AUG (Met)- which uses a special initiator
tRNA that differs from the Met tRNA used for the rest of translation

Elongation Factors - ✔️✔️-prokaryotes- EF-tu/EF-g
euk- EF1/2
- use GTPase activity to allow proofreading and to speed up ribosome translation

Protein Translation - ✔️✔️20 different amino acids
-triple nucleotide code= 64 different combinations

, polyribosome - ✔️✔️-a single mRNA may thus have several ribosomes translating
simultaneously

Antibiotics and protein synthesis - ✔️✔️-protein synthesis inhibitors
-most effect only prokaryotes, but sometimes can also affect ribosomes in mitochondria
and chloroplasts

The 3D structure of a protein determines its _________ - ✔️✔️function

describe the structure of primary proteins - ✔️✔️-linear sequence of amino acid residue
-determined by mRNA code

the structure of primary amino acids is dependent on? - ✔️✔️-covalent binds b/t amino
acids in linear sequence
-determines secondary tertiary and quaternary structures in combination with proteins
environment

describe structure of secondary proteins - ✔️✔️-folding & twisting of peptide backbone
-NO amino acid side chain interactions
_R groups stick out from backbone

the structure of secondary protein is dependent on? - ✔️✔️weak H-bonds b/t C=O
carbonyl & N-H amine groups in backbone
- NOT SIDE CHAINS

What are two well known structures of secondary proteins? - ✔️✔️-alpha helices
-beta sheets

describe the structure of alpha helix - ✔️✔️-rigid cylindrical structure
-coils clockwise down the length of the chain

the structure of alpha helix is dependent on? - ✔️✔️H-bonding between C=O & N-H
that are 4 amino acids apart ON BACKBONE

4 amino acids = ___ helix turns - ✔️✔️ONE

describe the structure of beta sheet's - ✔️✔️-flat, sheet-like structure
-perpendicular interactions

the structure of beta sheet's is dependent on? - ✔️✔️H-bonding is between C=O & N-H
on ADJACENT polypeptide chains

in beta sheet's, adjacent polypeptide chains can be

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