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Nur 631 Midterm Study Guide Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
Nur 631 Midterm Study Guide Questions And
Answers Latest Update
Nucleus ANS✔✔ Control center of the cell
Nucleolis ANS✔✔ where ribosomes are made
Mitochondria ANS✔✔ Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of
ATP (energy) production
phosolipid bilayer ANS✔✔ a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid
molecules. This stops water-soluble molecules from crossing the cell
membrane
Golgi complex ANS✔✔ organelle that modifies, packages, and transports
material out of the cell.
Lysosomes ANS✔✔ cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down
certain materials in the cell
Cell membrane (plasma membrane) ANS✔✔ phospholipid bilayer that
surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell
DNA ANS✔✔ A complex molecule containing the genetic information that
makes up the chromosomes.
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
RNA ANS✔✔ A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic
messages
Messenger RNA (mRNA) ANS✔✔ form of RNA that carries genetic
information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a
template for protein synthesis
Ribosomes ANS✔✔ Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ANS✔✔ A cell structure that forms a maze of
passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one
part of the cell to another.
Cytoplasm ANS✔✔ A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are
suspended
Peroxisomes ANS✔✔ Break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen
peroxide
adherens junctions ANS✔✔ make an adhesion belt that keeps tissues from
separating as they stretch and contract
Desmosomes (anchoring junctions) ANS✔✔ A type of cell junction in animal
cells that functions like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets.
Intermediate filaments made of sturdy keratin proteins anchor them in the
cytoplasm. They attach muscle cells to each other in a muscle.
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Anabolism ANS✔✔ Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring
energy.
Catabolism ANS✔✔ Metabolic pathways that break down molecules,
releasing energy.
passive transport ANS✔✔ Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from
high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient
active transport ANS✔✔ Energy-requiring process that moves material
across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Osmosis ANS✔✔ Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
isotonic solution ANS✔✔ A solution in which the concentration of solutes is
essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution
Hypertonic ANS✔✔ when comparing two solutions, the solution with the
greater concentration of solutes. Cells shrink.
hypotonic solution ANS✔✔ a solution that causes a cell to swell because of
osmosis
Osmolarity ( liters ) ANS✔✔ total concentration of all solute particles in a
solution
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Osmolality ( kilograms) ANS✔✔ measurements of the solute concentration
of a solution.
Depolarization ANS✔✔ The process during the action potential when sodium
is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive.
refractory period ANS✔✔ a period of inactivity after a neuron has fired
absolute refractory period ANS✔✔ time during which another action
potential is impossible. Doesn't matter what is stimulating the heart,
nothing can happen during this period.
resting potential ANS✔✔ the state of the neuron when not firing a neural
impulse
Hypolarization ANS✔✔ An overshoot of the repolarization process;
characterized the cell's membrane potential going below the normal resting
level.
Hyperpolarization ANS✔✔ an increase in the membrane potential of a cell,
relative to the normal resting potential
threshold potential ANS✔✔ The minimum membrane potential that must be
reached in order for an action potential to be generated.
repolarization phase ANS✔✔ membrane potential returns toward the resting
membrane potential and becomes more negative
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