,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common sign
of dehydration in pediatric patients?
A) Bradycardia
B) Tachypnea
C) Increased salivation
D) Sunken fontanelles
Correct Answer: D) Sunken fontanelles
Rationale: In pediatric patients, sunken fontanelles are a
classic sign of dehydration due to the loss of fluid volume,
which leads to a decrease in intracranial pressure.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The most effective initial management
for a child with mild persistent asthma is ________.
Correct Answer: Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids
Rationale: Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids are
recommended as the first-line treatment for children with
mild persistent asthma to control symptoms and prevent
exacerbations.
3. True/False: The administration of high-flow oxygen is the
first-line treatment for pediatric bronchiolitis.
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: The first-line treatment for bronchiolitis is
supportive care, including hydration and suctioning of nasal
passages. High-flow oxygen is used for children with severe
disease or hypoxemia.
, B) Hearing loss
C) Peritonsillar abscess
D) Mastoiditis
Correct Answers: A) Meningitis, B) Hearing loss, D)
Mastoiditis
Rationale: Complications of untreated otitis media can
include meningitis, hearing loss, and mastoiditis due to the
spread of infection from the middle ear to adjacent
structures.
Multiple Choice: What is the most common cause of
pediatric upper respiratory infections?
A) Bacterial infections
B) Viral infections
C) Allergic reactions
D) Fungal infections
Correct Answer: B) Viral infections
Rationale: Viral infections are the most common cause of
upper respiratory infections in children, with the rhinovirus
being the most frequent pathogen.
The intricate world of pediatric primary care demands a
comprehensive understanding of advanced concepts,
encompassing a wide range of clinical scenarios and
management strategies. This essay delves into the realm of
these concepts, presenting a compilation of 20 challenging
case study questions designed to assess the knowledge
and critical thinking skills of advanced practice nurses
specializing in family medicine. The questions are formatted
as multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, true/false, and multiple
response, mirroring the diverse nature of clinical practice.
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