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Exam I Pharmacology 807: Questions And Answers
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Exam I Pharmacology 807: Questions And AnswersWhich process occurs between the time the drug enters the body and the time
that it enters the bloodstream?
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion Right Ans - ABSORPTION
Absorption is the process that occurs from the time the drug enters the body
to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated. Distribution involves
the transport of drug molecules within the body. Metabolism is the method by
which drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by the body. Excretion refers
to elimination of a drug from the body.
A client who has been treated with warfarin after cardiac surgery is found to
have an INR of 9.0. Which medication will be administered to assist in the
development of clotting factors?
vitamin K
vitamin E
protamine sulfate
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) Right Ans - VITAMIN K
Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin overdosage. In this case, the client may
be at the therapeutic level to control thrombus formation, but, due to the
injury, it is important to control bleeding. Vitamin E is not used as an antidote
for warfarin overdosage. Protamine sulfate is used as an antidote to heparin
or low-molecular-weight heparin. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is used to
decrease coagulation as a preventive measure for myocardial infarction.
Which single class drug is known to be most effective in reducing the major
types of dyslipidemia?
statins
bile acid sequestrants
fibrates
niacin Right Ans - STATINS
For single-drug therapy, a statin is preferred for the treatment of
dyslipidemia.To lower cholesterol and triglycerides, a statin, a cholesterol
absorption inhibitor, gemfibrozil, a fibrate, or the vitamin niacin may be used.
To lower triglycerides, gemfibrozil, ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption
inhibitor, or niacin may be given.
,How is hypertension defined with regard to blood pressure readings?
systolic pressure above 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg
systolic pressure above 160 mm Hg or diastolic pressure above 110 mm Hg
systolic pressure above 130 mm Hg or diastolic pressure above 88 mm Hg
systolic pressure above 150 mm Hg or diastolic pressure above 100 mm Hg
Right Ans - >140 OR 90
Hypertension is defined as a systolic pressure above 140 mm Hg or a diastolic
pressure above 90 mm Hg on multiple blood pressure measurements. Blood
pressure readings lower than 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg does not meet the
criteria while readings above 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg are higher than the
criteria and so reflect hypertension but do not define the criteria.
A client prescribed a potassium-sparing diuretic is at a risk for developing
which electrolyte imbalance?
hypernatremia
hyponatremia
hypokalemia
hyperkalemia Right Ans - HYPERKALEMIA
Potassium-sparing diuretics may precipitate hyperkalemia. Potassium-
sparing diuretics would not precipitate hypernatremia, hyponatremia, or
hypokalemia.
A client prescribed ramipril earlier in the week states, "Now I have a nagging,
dry cough." How should the nurse best follow up the client's statement?
Inform the client that the drug should be immediately discontinued.
Inform the client that this is an adverse effect of the medication that may lead
to pneumonitis.
Explain why it will be necessary to obtain a sputum sample.
Explain that drugs like ramipril often cause a cough. Right Ans - DRUGS
LIKE RAMIPRIL CAUSE COUGH
, ACE inhibitors like ramipril may precipitate a cough and may necessitate
discontinuation of the drug. This is not, however, an emergency or an
indication of lung infection or lung inflammation.
A client is experiencing chest pain and self-administers nitroglycerine
sublingually. When should the client expect to notice relief of the chest pain?
1 to 3 minutes
5 to 10 minutes
1 to 20 minutes
30 to 60 minutes Right Ans - 1-3MIN
When given sublingually, nitroglycerin is absorbed directly into the systemic
circulation and acts within 1 to 3 minutes. If the medication has not produced
an effect in 5 minutes, it should be repeated. The nitroglycerine tablets have
an onset of action of 1 to 3 minutes, not 5 to 60 minutes.
What should the client be taught regarding the advantage of the nitroglycerine
patch?
It is only administered one time per week.
It requires rotation of application site.
It has a longer duration of action.
It has a faster action than the tablets. Right Ans - LONGER DURATION OF
ACTION
It is only administered one time per week.
It requires rotation of application site.
It has a longer duration of action.
It has a faster action than the tablets.
A client with angina is prescribed propranolol. Following absorption of the
drug, the nurse should monitor the client for what desired effect?
relief of fatigue
increased oxygen saturation levels
mild to moderate drowsiness
decreased heart rate Right Ans - DECREASED HR
Beta-blockers cause a slowing of the heart rate referred to as negative
chronotropy. They do not normally cause drowsiness, short-term relief from
fatigue, or a notable increase in SaO2 since the action of this medication is to
inhibit beta2 receptors in the bronchial and vascular musculature.
The majority of reabsorption process takes place in what anatomical location?
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