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NSB236 EXAM Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update

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What do the 5 most common reasons an ambo is called relate to hypoxia hypotension aloc tachycardia tachypnoea all relate to sepsis (80%) cardiogenic shock arrythmia pulmonary oedema What is the formula for oxygen delivery [SaO2 x Hb] + [PaO2] X [SV X HR] Arterial o2 con...

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NSB236 EXAM Questions and
Correct Answers the Latest Update
What do the 5 most common reasons an ambo is called relate to


✓ hypoxia
✓ hypotension
✓ aloc
✓ tachycardia
✓ tachypnoea

✓ all relate to
✓ sepsis (80%)
✓ cardiogenic shock
✓ arrythmia
✓ pulmonary oedema



What is the formula for oxygen delivery


✓ [SaO2 x Hb] + [PaO2] X [SV X HR]

✓ Arterial o2 content x (cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance)



What happens in aerobic respiration


✓ Turns glucose and O2 into water and CO2
✓ (Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the broken down products
with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide.)

✓ The energy from this reaction produces ATP (energy for cells)


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What happens in anaerobic respiration?


✓ Energy can be produced without o2, it is a less efficient form of metabolism.
✓ Produces waste product (lactic acid)



What does arterial oxygenation require


✓ patent airway
✓ functioning lung tissue
✓ gas exchange
✓ haemoglobin to carry o2

✓ Normal range is 8-100mmHg



What are compensatory mechanisms


✓ When the body detects low o2 delivery at the tissues or a reduction in co output,
increase in RR and HR



What is portsmouth sign and how to recognise it


✓ When HR is higher than SBP.
✓ Indicated a decrease in CO and failing compensatory mechanisms



What is pulse pressure


✓ difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

✓ narrow PP= insufficient preload, heart failure, shock state
✓ wide PP= atherosclerosis, hyperthyroidism, raised ICP


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What are 2 mechanisms to maintain effective blood volume


✓ 1. vasoconstriction
✓ 2. decrease renal losses of fluid



what is a mechanism to optimise cardiac performance


✓ increase hr and contractility



what is shock


✓ a state of insufficient perfusion and oxygenation delivery to vital organs and tissues
through the body



nursing interventions for managing circulation issues


✓ reduce workload- control hr
✓ management volume status
✓ re-establish blood flow- angioplasty
✓ critical care specific interventions
✓ optimise cardiac output



difference in iv fluids


✓ colloid- large molecule fluids
✓ crystalloid- small molecule and able to move through a semipermeable membrane



treatment for impaired perfusion/oxygenation


✓ address primary cause (eg bleeding/burns)

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