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PSYC 2700 Exam 3 Questions And Already Passed Answers.

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Psychoanalytic Theories - Answer -development determined by how well people solve conflicts -stage theories -but early development also have a major impact on development throughout life Freud's Theory: General - Answer -interested in origins and treatment of mental illness -patients' ...

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  • 8 de noviembre de 2024
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PSYC 2700 Exam 3 Questions And
Already Passed Answers.
Psychoanalytic Theories - Answer -development determined by how well people solve conflicts

-stage theories

-but early development also have a major impact on development throughout life



Freud's Theory: General - Answer -interested in origins and treatment of mental illness

-patients' symptoms sometimes don't have underlying physical cause

-unconscious, rooted in childhood experiences with parents

-behavior motivated by need to satisfy drives

-three structures of personality: id, ego, superego

-Healthy development involves a strong ego that

facilitates coping with reality, and superego that

is neither too weak nor too strong



Freud's Theory: Early Infancy - Answer -have instinctual drives like hunger, thirst

-primitive personality: id

-called the pleasure principle-just trying to fulfill natural wants

-mother established as strongest object of love, prototype for future love relations

-source of security, but also loss



Freud's Theory: End of First Year - Answer -drive to resolve conflicts between id and demands of the
external world

-personality structure: ego

-called the reality principle-has reason, good sense, develops into a person's sense of self



Freud's Theory: 3-6 years - Answer -drive to identify with same-sex parent

-Drive to work against the demands of the id;

,internalize parents' rules and standards for

acceptable behavior

-personality structure: superego

-conscience emerges, child follows internalized rules, avoid actions leading to guilt



Erikson's Psychosocial Theory - Answer -built upon Freud-but ego is most important, development of
identity is the central issue

-incorporated social factors

-had 8 stages of life from infancy to old age

-has a fixed order, each stage has a crisis to be solved



Erikson: Stage 1 - Answer -0-1 year: basic trust vs. mistrust

-Crucial issue: learning to trust others

-Caregiving: consistent, warm

-If trust in others does not develop now, person will have difficulty forming intimate relationships later
on



Erikson: Stage 2 - Answer -1-3 years

-Crucial issue: strong sense of autonomy

-children want autonomy but also doubt their abilities and sometimes feel shame

-Caregiving: supportive, self-control w/o loss of self-esteem, no severe punishment



Erikson: Stage 3 - Answer -4-6 years

-Crucial issue: initiative to meet high goals, with regard for others

-identify with parents, internalize standards (conscience)

-set high standards for themselves, which can lead to conflict with others (guilt)

-Caregiving: Not overly controlling or punitive



Erikson: Stage 4 - Answer -6 years to puberty

, -Crucial Issue: Learn to work industriously and cooperate with peers

-master cognitive and social skills

-Experiences: Successful experiences give sense of competence; failure can give rise to excessive feelings
of inadequacy



Erikson: Stage 5 - Answer -Adolescence to early adulthood

-Crucial Issue: achieving core sense of identity

-Child --> adult

-face questions about future

-must resolve crucial questions about identity and role as an adult



Evaluation of Freud and Erikson - Answer -too vague to be tested

-many specific elements are questionable and not supported by research



Behaviorism and Conditioning - Answer - John B. Watson (Little Albert)

-conditioning is a primary mechanism of development

-reinforcement and punishment determine likelihood of the behavior recurring



Social Learning - Answer -Albert Bandura

-Emphasis on observation and imitation

-Learning is social-children learn by watching others (bobo doll study)

-child is active in his/her own development --> reciprocal determinism



Evaluation of Watson and Bandura - Answer -based on experiments, made testable predictions, have
led to clinical and practical applications

-BUT traditionally do not consider role of cognition or individual's own contributions to her
development, do not consider biological influences on development



Social Cognitive Theories - Answer -child actively processes social information

-child's thinking and reasoning about the social world is limited by complexity of thought processes

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