What is the effect of beta blockers like propranolol on heart rate?
- Correct Answer - They reduce heart rate by blocking beta-adrenergic
receptors.
What are the potential side effects of beta blockers?
- Correct Answer - Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, and
bronchoconstriction.
What drugs are commonly associated with hepatotoxicity?
- Correct Answer - Acetaminophen, statins, and certain antiepileptics.
What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril?
- Correct Answer - They block the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.
What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
- Correct Answer - Dry cough, hyperkalemia, and angioedema.
What are common adverse effects of opioids?
- Correct Answer - Respiratory depression, constipation, sedation, and
risk of dependency.
What should be monitored in patients on diuretics like furosemide?
What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers like
amlodipine?
- Correct Answer - They block calcium channels in the heart and blood
vessels, reducing heart rate and dilating blood vessels.
What are the major side effects of calcium channel blockers?
- Correct Answer - Edema, dizziness, headache, and constipation.
What should be monitored when a patient is on statins like atorvastatin?
- Correct Answer - Liver function tests (LFTs) and signs of muscle pain or
weakness, which could indicate rhabdomyolysis.
What is the therapeutic goal of using anticoagulants like heparin and
warfarin?
- Correct Answer - To prevent blood clots by thinning the blood.
What should be monitored in patients taking anticoagulants?
- Correct Answer - PT/INR for warfarin, aPTT for heparin, and signs of
bleeding.
What is the effect of NSAIDs like ibuprofen on the stomach?
- Correct Answer - Increased risk of gastric ulcers and GI bleeding due to
inhibition of protective prostaglandins.
What are the signs of serotonin syndrome?
- Correct Answer - Agitation, confusion, rapid heart rate, dilated pupils,
muscle rigidity, and fever.
, What drugs can lead to orthostatic hypotension?
- Correct Answer - Antihypertensives, antidepressants (TCAs), and
antipsychotics.
What is the action of cholestyramine in hyperlipidemia?
- Correct Answer - It binds bile acids in the gut, preventing reabsorption
and lowering LDL cholesterol.
What is the mechanism of action of statins?
- Correct Answer - Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, lowering cholesterol
production in the liver.
What is tachyphylaxis?
- Correct Answer - A rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated
doses.
What should be monitored in patients taking isoniazid for tuberculosis?
- Correct Answer - Liver function tests (LFTs) and peripheral neuropathy
symptoms (tingling, numbness).
What is the therapeutic goal of insulin therapy?
- Correct Answer - To regulate blood glucose levels in patients with
diabetes.
What are the signs of insulin overdose (hypoglycemia)?
- Correct Answer - Shakiness, sweating, confusion, tachycardia, and in
severe cases, unconsciousness.
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