16. Which four infections are considered fungal infections?: Infection with a fungus is
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called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., tineas, which refers to several skin myc
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oses, including ringworm and athlete's foot) and yeasts, which include candida and asper
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gillus.
17. When is the earliest after sexual transmission of HIV that lab results can detect i
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nfection?: Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after sexual transmission, where
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as HIV antibody testing may take 23 to 90 days to result in a positive test. Repeat testing
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may be needed to rule out a false negative test due to testing too soon after exposure, esp
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ecially if a high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
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18. What is a characteristic of exotoxins?: Exotoxins are released during bacte-
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3q/q84
, q rial growth. q
19. Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for devel
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oping colon cancer?: The results of decreased fat consumption have been widely studied
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q and have demonstrated a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
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20. Which cancer is an individual who has worked with asbestos for over 40 years mo
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st likely to develop?: Asbestos exposure results in an increased risk of lung and lung lining
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q cancer.
21. Which statement is true regarding ultraviolet (UV) light?
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The degree of damage is not affected by the light's wavelength.: UV light causes basal c
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ll carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when the UVB rays hit DNA strands, causing thy
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mine base pairs that are side by side to pair together, becoming thymine dimers. These thym
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ine dimers lead to cell death or cancer.
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4q/q84
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