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American College Testing, ACT Prep- Science test bank 400+ questions and answers for ACT January intake exam With chats, interpreted graphs, data.$17.99
American College Testing, ACT Prep- Science test bank 400+ questions and answers for ACT January intake exam With chats, interpreted graphs, data.
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ACT america collage testing
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ACT America Collage Testing
American College Testing, ACT Prep- Science test bank 400+ questions and answers for ACT January intake exam
With chats, interpreted graphs, data.
Succeed in the ACT Science section with our comprehensive test bank of 400+ questions and answers, including graphs, charts, and data interpretation....
American College Testing, ACT Prep- Science test bank
400+ questions and answers for ACT January intake
exam
With chats, interpreted graphs, data.
FOR guaranteed success
Graded A+
Read the passage and answer the following questions based on the passages.
Passage I
Unmanned spacecraft taking images of Jupiter's moon Europa have found its surface to be very smooth with few
meteorite craters. Europa's surface ice shows evidence of being continually resmoothed and reshaped. Cracks, dark
bands, and pressure ridges (created when water or slush is squeezed up between 2 slabs of ice) are commonly seen in
images of the surface. Two scientists express their views as to whether the presence of a deep ocean beneath the
surface is responsible for Europa's surface features.
Scientist 1
A deep ocean of liquid water exists on Europa. Jupiter's gravitational field produces tides within Europa that can cause
heating of the subsurface to a point where liquid water can exist. The numerous cracks and dark bands in the surface ice
closely resemble the appearance of thawing ice covering the polar oceans on Earth. Only a substantial amount of
,circulating liquid water can crack and rotate such large slabs of ice. The few meteorite craters that exist are shallow and
have been smoothed by liquid water that oozed up into the crater from the subsurface and then quickly froze.
Jupiter's magnetic field, sweeping past Europa, would interact with the salty, deep ocean and produce a second
magnetic field around Europa. The spacecraft has found evidence of this second magnetic field.
Scientist 2
No deep, liquid water ocean exists on Europa. The heat generated by gravitational tides is quickly lost to space because
of Europa's small size, as shown by its very low surface temperature (-160°C). Many of the features on Europa's surface
resemble features created by flowing glaciers on Earth. Large amounts of liquid water are not required for the creation
of these features. If a thin layer of ice below the surface is much warmer than the surface ice, it may be able to flow and
cause cracking and movement of the surface ice. Few meteorite craters are observed because of Europa's very thin
atmosphere; surface ice continually sublimes (changes from solid to gas) into this atmosphere, quickly eroding and
removing any craters that may have formed.
Which of the following best describes how the 2 scientists explain how craters are removed from Europa's surface?
Scientist 1 Scientist 2
A.Sublimation Filled in by water
B.Filled in by water Sublimation
C.Worn smooth by wind Sublimation
D.Worn smooth by wind Filled in by water
B
According to the information provided, which of the following descriptions of Europa would be accepted by both
scientists?
F. Europa has a larger diameter than does Jupiter.
G. Europa has a surface made of rocky material.
H. Europa has a surface temperature of 20°C.
J. Europa is completely covered by a layer of ice.
,J
With which of the following statements about the conditions on Europa or the evolution of Europa's surface would both
Scientist 1 and Scientist 2 most likely agree? The surface of Europa:
A. is being shaped by the movement of ice.
B. is covered with millions of meteorite craters.
C. is the same temperature as the surface of the Arctic Ocean on Earth.
D. has remained unchanged for millions of years.
A
Which of the following statements about meteorite craters on Europa would be most consistent with both scientists'
views?
F. No meteorites have struck Europa for millions of years.
G. Meteorite craters, once formed, are then smoothed or removed by Europa's surface processes.
H. Meteorite craters, once formed on Europa, remain unchanged for billions of years.
J. Meteorites frequently strike Europa's surface but do not leave any craters.
G
Scientist 2 explains that ice sublimes to water vapor and enters Europa's atmosphere. If ultraviolet light then broke
those water vapor molecules apart, which of the following gases would one most likely expect to find in Europa's
atmosphere as a result of this process?
A. Nitrogen
B. Methane
C. Chlorine
D. Oxygen
D
, Based on the information in Scientist 1's view, which of the following materials must be present on Europa if a magnetic
field is to be generated on Europa?
F. Frozen nitrogen
G. Water ice
H. Dissolved salts
J. Molten magma
H
Assume Scientist 2's view about the similarities between Europa's surface features and flowing glaciers on Earth is
correct. Based on this assumption and the information provided, Earth's glaciers would be least likely to exhibit which of
the following features?
A. Pressure ridges
B. Cracks
C. Meteorite craters
D. Dark bands
C
Independent Variable
The variable that the scientist changes. (For example, if you are changing fertilizer brands to see which causes the most
plant growth, the independent variable is the fertilizer brand.)
Dependent Variable
the effect of the independent variable (For example, if you are changing fertilizer brands to see which causes the most
plant growth, the dependent variable is the plant growth)
Control Group
the group that does not receive the independent variable.
Constant
A factor that stays the same across all test subjects and throughout the duration of the experiment
positive correlation
when two variables increase together or decrease together (also called direct variation)
negative correlation
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