NBME CBSE REVISED EXAM
2025/2026 || QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS || MODIFIED
VERSION
EPO can do what
on Cardiovascular - ANSWER worsen HTN
Pulmonary Arterial HTN - ANSWER *BMPR2*
High *endothelin*, Low NO
SMC hypertophy, fibrosis, narrow lumen
*P2 louder* than A2
When is P2 louder than A2 - ANSWER Pulmonary Artherial Hypertension
TX pulmonary arterial hypertension - ANSWER Endothelin-R antagonist:
- Bo*sentan*, Ambi*sentan*
PGEi (inc cGMP):
- Silden*afil*
Pulmonary Embolism - ANSWER *perfusion defect* (V/Q mismatch)
,sudden SOB + calf swelling
Hypoxemia --> *Hyperventilate *
--> *Respiratory Alkalosis *
--> Metabolic compensation in 2 days
dx pulmonary embolism - ANSWER *D-dimer* test
CT angiogram
Lines of Zahn
*Homan's sign* (DVT calf pain on dorsiflex)
TX pulmonary embolism - ANSWER Heparin/LMWH
THEN
Warfarin
Fat embolism syndrome - ANSWER Long bone/pelvic fracture
--> neuro, hypoxemia, rash
Fat microglobules in *pulmonary arterioles*
Spontaenous pneumothorax - ANSWER nontraumatic* rupture of subpleural
blebs*
**20 yo thin TALL man who smokes
*DECREASED PRELOAD*
,Tension pneumothorax - ANSWER Treachea deviates
REQUIRES INTUBATION
ARDS - ANSWER bilateral infiltrate
**PANCREATITIS RISK
1. *EXUDATIVE* (capillary permeability)
2. *Proliferative* (collagen)
3. *Fibrotic* (pulmonary fiborsis + HTN)
What are the risks from ARDS - ANSWER Sepsis
Pancreatitis
Pneumo
cystic fibrosis genetics - ANSWER *dF508 frameshift*
CFT protein - post-tln
HypoNa
Cystic Fibrosis complications - ANSWER Dec *Vit A* --> Pancreatic
(squamous metaplasia)
Def *Vit E* --> Neuromuscular, hemolytic anemia
Def *Vit K *--> Intracranial hemorrhage
Meconium Ileus; No Vas deferns; Digital clubbing
, DEATH FROM PNEUMO
Hemorrhagic infarct is what color and why - ANSWER RED
Dual blood supply
Empyema - ANSWER Infected *exudative* pleural effusion
Meniscus opacity
Increased LDH
COMPLICATES PNEUMO
Lobar pneumonia - ANSWER *consolidation*
Ex: strep, legionella
--> Red (3-4 d)
--> Grey hepatization (5-7d)
--> Resolution (*Type II regen* in 8 d)
Broncho Pneumonia - ANSWER *Patchy*
ex: Staph, Strep, Kleb, H flu
Interstitial Pneumonia - ANSWER Alveolar walls
Ex: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia,
Legionella,
RSV/CMV/flu/adeno
2025/2026 || QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS || MODIFIED
VERSION
EPO can do what
on Cardiovascular - ANSWER worsen HTN
Pulmonary Arterial HTN - ANSWER *BMPR2*
High *endothelin*, Low NO
SMC hypertophy, fibrosis, narrow lumen
*P2 louder* than A2
When is P2 louder than A2 - ANSWER Pulmonary Artherial Hypertension
TX pulmonary arterial hypertension - ANSWER Endothelin-R antagonist:
- Bo*sentan*, Ambi*sentan*
PGEi (inc cGMP):
- Silden*afil*
Pulmonary Embolism - ANSWER *perfusion defect* (V/Q mismatch)
,sudden SOB + calf swelling
Hypoxemia --> *Hyperventilate *
--> *Respiratory Alkalosis *
--> Metabolic compensation in 2 days
dx pulmonary embolism - ANSWER *D-dimer* test
CT angiogram
Lines of Zahn
*Homan's sign* (DVT calf pain on dorsiflex)
TX pulmonary embolism - ANSWER Heparin/LMWH
THEN
Warfarin
Fat embolism syndrome - ANSWER Long bone/pelvic fracture
--> neuro, hypoxemia, rash
Fat microglobules in *pulmonary arterioles*
Spontaenous pneumothorax - ANSWER nontraumatic* rupture of subpleural
blebs*
**20 yo thin TALL man who smokes
*DECREASED PRELOAD*
,Tension pneumothorax - ANSWER Treachea deviates
REQUIRES INTUBATION
ARDS - ANSWER bilateral infiltrate
**PANCREATITIS RISK
1. *EXUDATIVE* (capillary permeability)
2. *Proliferative* (collagen)
3. *Fibrotic* (pulmonary fiborsis + HTN)
What are the risks from ARDS - ANSWER Sepsis
Pancreatitis
Pneumo
cystic fibrosis genetics - ANSWER *dF508 frameshift*
CFT protein - post-tln
HypoNa
Cystic Fibrosis complications - ANSWER Dec *Vit A* --> Pancreatic
(squamous metaplasia)
Def *Vit E* --> Neuromuscular, hemolytic anemia
Def *Vit K *--> Intracranial hemorrhage
Meconium Ileus; No Vas deferns; Digital clubbing
, DEATH FROM PNEUMO
Hemorrhagic infarct is what color and why - ANSWER RED
Dual blood supply
Empyema - ANSWER Infected *exudative* pleural effusion
Meniscus opacity
Increased LDH
COMPLICATES PNEUMO
Lobar pneumonia - ANSWER *consolidation*
Ex: strep, legionella
--> Red (3-4 d)
--> Grey hepatization (5-7d)
--> Resolution (*Type II regen* in 8 d)
Broncho Pneumonia - ANSWER *Patchy*
ex: Staph, Strep, Kleb, H flu
Interstitial Pneumonia - ANSWER Alveolar walls
Ex: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia,
Legionella,
RSV/CMV/flu/adeno
