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NSG 311 Exam 5 with verified solutions
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NSG 311 Exam 5 with verified solutions
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NSG 311 Exam 5 with verified solutionsimportance of fluid and lytes - correct answer ✔- crucial for life and
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homeostasis
- nurses need to anticipate, identify, and respond to possible imbalances
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fluid - correct answer ✔- 60% of weight (water and electrolytes)
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- influenced by: age (young have higher water), gender (men more than
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female), body fat (obese people have LESS water than thin people bc
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fat cells have less water)
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- intracellular space: fluid in cells, 2/3 of total, located mostly in
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skeletal muscle mass |!| |!|
- extracellular space: 1/3 of total fluid, transports electrolytes, enzymes,
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and hormones |!|
extracellular fluid - correct answer ✔- intravascular, interstitial, and
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transcellular
intravascular - correct answer ✔- fluid within the blood vessels
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- contains plasma (makes up 3L of the avg 6L of blood volume; other
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3L is erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes)
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interstitial - correct answer ✔- fluid that surrounds the cells
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- 11-12L in adults
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- Ex. Lymph
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,transcellular fluid - correct answer ✔- smallest containing 1L
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- ex. cerebrospinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular, pleural fluids, sweat,
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digestive secretions
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third spacing - correct answer ✔- fluid is unavailable for ICF or ECF
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- disrupts equilibrium
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- early assessment finding: decreased urine output as kidneys attempt to
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compensate for the decreased circulatory volume
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risk factors for third spacing - correct answer ✔-liver/kidney disease
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-major trauma |!|
-burns
-sepsis
-wound healing or major surgery
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-malignancy
-GI malabsorption
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-malnutrition |!|
-alcoholic or older pts |!| |!| |!|
Normal Saline (NS) - correct answer ✔Description: 0.9% NaCl in Water
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Crystalloid Solution |!|
{An isotonic crystalloid solution that contains sodium chloride (salt) as
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the solute, dissolved in sterile water (solvent). The specific concentration
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for normal saline solution is 0.9%.}
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,Osmolality: Isotonic (308 mOsm) |!| |!| |!|
Use: Increases circulating plasma volume when red cells are adequate
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• Replaces losses without altering fluid concentrations.
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• Helpful for Na+ replacement
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Lactated Ringers (LR) - correct answer ✔Description: Normal saline with
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electrolytes and buffer |!| |!|
{An isotonic crystalloid solution containing the solutes sodium chloride,
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potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium lactate, dissolved in
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sterile water (solvent).}
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Osmolality: Isotonic (275 mOsm) |!| |!| |!|
Use: Replaces fluid and buffers pH
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• Normal saline with K+, Ca++, and lactate (buffer)
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• Often seen with surgery
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D5W (5% dextrose in water) - correct answer ✔Dextrose 5% in water.
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Crystalloid solution |!| |!|
, Osmolality: isotonic in the bag, hypotonic in the body
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Use: Raises total fluid volume. Helpful in rehydrating and excretory
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purposes.
Miscellaneous: Watch for fluid volume overload.
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1/2 NS - correct answer ✔0.45% NaCl in water
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Osmolality: Hypotonic |!|
Use: raises total fluid volume
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Miscellaneous: Helpful for establishing renal function
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D5 1/2 NS - correct answer ✔Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Normal Saline
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Osmolality: hypertonic. |!| |!|
Use: useful for daily maintenance of body fluids and nutrition and for
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rehydration.
Miscellaneous: most common post-op fluid.
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