Nagelhout Pharm 2 test 3 Correct 100%
What are the 4 different classifications of Asthma? - ANSWER-Mild intermittent
Mild persistent
Moderate persistent
Severe persistent
Step 1 Mild intermittent - ANSWER-1. Signs and symptoms twice per week.
2. Generally symptomatic with normal peak flows between exacerbation.
3. Brief exacerbations, intensity may vary.
4. Nighttime symptoms occur twice per month FEV1 or PEFR >80% predicted value.
Treatment of Mild Intermittent Asthma - ANSWER-Short-acting bronchodilator as
needed: Inhaled Beta 2 agonists are first line selection.
Step 2 Mild Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-1. Signs and symptoms >twice per week but
<once per day.
2. Exacerbations may affect activity.
3. Nighttime symptoms occur >twice per month.
4. FEV1 or PEFR to 8-% of predicted value.
Treatment of Mild Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-Long term anti inflammatory
medication: Inhaled corticosteroid, cromolyn or nedocromil particularly in children,
sustained release theophylline is an alternative and zafirlulast or zieuton may be
considered for patients >12 years old.
Step 3 Moderate Persistent Asthma. - ANSWER-1. Daily Symptoms
2. Daily use of short-acting beta agonist.
3. Exacerbations that affect activity occur >twice per week and may last for days.
4. Nighttime symptoms occur >once per week.
5. FEV1 and PEFR 60% of 80% of predicted value?
Treatment of Moderate Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-Long term control medications:
medium-dose inhaledcorticosteroids or low to medium dose inhaled corticosteroids plus
long-acting bronchodilator (inhaled or oral beta agonist, sustatined release
theophylline), especially for nocturnal symptoms.
Step 4 Severe Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-1. Continuous signs and symptoms,
frequently exacerbated.
2. Frequent nighttime symptoms
3. Limited physical activity.
4. FEV1 or PEFR 60% of predicted value.
, Treatment of Severe Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-High-dose inhaled corticosteroids,
long-acting bronchodilators, as indicated in step 3. Systemic corticosteroids (e.g.
prednisone).
A patient with frequent asthma exacerbation's that limit physical activity and a PEFR
that is 60% of their predicted value would be classified as ? - ANSWER-Severe
persistent asthma
A patient with occasional asthma systoms (less than twice a week) and a PEFR that is
80% of their predicted value would be classified as ? - ANSWER-Mild Intermittent
asthma
A patient with sign & symptoms of asthma more than twice a week and nightly
symptoms more than twice a month, and a PEFR that is => 80% of their predicted value
would be classified as ? - ANSWER-Mild persistent asthma
A person with daily symptoms, exacerbation's that can last for days, nighttime
symptoms that occur at least twice per week, and a PEFR 60 to 80% of predicted value
would be classifed as ? - ANSWER-Moderate persistent asthma
In which patients should H2 antagonists and Beta-blockers be avoided? - ANSWER-
Asthmatics. (H2 blockers block the negative feedback mechanism and can result in
bronchospasm)
What is the preferred treatment for prophylaxis of chronic asthma? - ANSWER-Inhaled
steroids
Which of the drugs used perioperatively would have to be avoided or used with caution
in asthmatic patients? - ANSWER-Beta blockers obviously
Which group of drugs are most effective in managing chronic asthma? - ANSWER-
Inhalation corticosteroids
What is the treatment for acute bronchoconstriction? - ANSWER-Beta-2 agonists (Short
acting Bronch dilators)
Which drugs cause histamine release? - ANSWER-Phenanthrenes (Opioids),
Atracurium, Sux
Which would be the induction drug of choice in a patient that requires emergency
surgery but has active asthmatic symptoms? - ANSWER-Ketamine
Most common types of IgE mediated allergic reactions - ANSWER-1. Neuromuscular
blocking agent
2. Latex
3. Antibiotics
What are the 4 different classifications of Asthma? - ANSWER-Mild intermittent
Mild persistent
Moderate persistent
Severe persistent
Step 1 Mild intermittent - ANSWER-1. Signs and symptoms twice per week.
2. Generally symptomatic with normal peak flows between exacerbation.
3. Brief exacerbations, intensity may vary.
4. Nighttime symptoms occur twice per month FEV1 or PEFR >80% predicted value.
Treatment of Mild Intermittent Asthma - ANSWER-Short-acting bronchodilator as
needed: Inhaled Beta 2 agonists are first line selection.
Step 2 Mild Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-1. Signs and symptoms >twice per week but
<once per day.
2. Exacerbations may affect activity.
3. Nighttime symptoms occur >twice per month.
4. FEV1 or PEFR to 8-% of predicted value.
Treatment of Mild Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-Long term anti inflammatory
medication: Inhaled corticosteroid, cromolyn or nedocromil particularly in children,
sustained release theophylline is an alternative and zafirlulast or zieuton may be
considered for patients >12 years old.
Step 3 Moderate Persistent Asthma. - ANSWER-1. Daily Symptoms
2. Daily use of short-acting beta agonist.
3. Exacerbations that affect activity occur >twice per week and may last for days.
4. Nighttime symptoms occur >once per week.
5. FEV1 and PEFR 60% of 80% of predicted value?
Treatment of Moderate Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-Long term control medications:
medium-dose inhaledcorticosteroids or low to medium dose inhaled corticosteroids plus
long-acting bronchodilator (inhaled or oral beta agonist, sustatined release
theophylline), especially for nocturnal symptoms.
Step 4 Severe Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-1. Continuous signs and symptoms,
frequently exacerbated.
2. Frequent nighttime symptoms
3. Limited physical activity.
4. FEV1 or PEFR 60% of predicted value.
, Treatment of Severe Persistent Asthma - ANSWER-High-dose inhaled corticosteroids,
long-acting bronchodilators, as indicated in step 3. Systemic corticosteroids (e.g.
prednisone).
A patient with frequent asthma exacerbation's that limit physical activity and a PEFR
that is 60% of their predicted value would be classified as ? - ANSWER-Severe
persistent asthma
A patient with occasional asthma systoms (less than twice a week) and a PEFR that is
80% of their predicted value would be classified as ? - ANSWER-Mild Intermittent
asthma
A patient with sign & symptoms of asthma more than twice a week and nightly
symptoms more than twice a month, and a PEFR that is => 80% of their predicted value
would be classified as ? - ANSWER-Mild persistent asthma
A person with daily symptoms, exacerbation's that can last for days, nighttime
symptoms that occur at least twice per week, and a PEFR 60 to 80% of predicted value
would be classifed as ? - ANSWER-Moderate persistent asthma
In which patients should H2 antagonists and Beta-blockers be avoided? - ANSWER-
Asthmatics. (H2 blockers block the negative feedback mechanism and can result in
bronchospasm)
What is the preferred treatment for prophylaxis of chronic asthma? - ANSWER-Inhaled
steroids
Which of the drugs used perioperatively would have to be avoided or used with caution
in asthmatic patients? - ANSWER-Beta blockers obviously
Which group of drugs are most effective in managing chronic asthma? - ANSWER-
Inhalation corticosteroids
What is the treatment for acute bronchoconstriction? - ANSWER-Beta-2 agonists (Short
acting Bronch dilators)
Which drugs cause histamine release? - ANSWER-Phenanthrenes (Opioids),
Atracurium, Sux
Which would be the induction drug of choice in a patient that requires emergency
surgery but has active asthmatic symptoms? - ANSWER-Ketamine
Most common types of IgE mediated allergic reactions - ANSWER-1. Neuromuscular
blocking agent
2. Latex
3. Antibiotics
