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Adult 3 (NUR 325) Exam 2 Cardiac Questions with Correct Answers
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Adult 3 (NUR 325) Exam 2 CardiacWhat is stenosis? - answer hardening or narrowing of a valve, it makes it difficult for
blood to flow past it, but bloods still flow normally through the heart
What is regurgitation? - answer blood moves backwards through the valve. The blood
moves both ways, in and out
What happens with Aortic Stenosis? - answer If there's sever aortic stenosis you will not
get as much blood flow through the body. The body will start shunting from less vital
organs to more vital. The SNS will kick in causing an increased HR, vasoconstriction,
and the kidneys won't get as well perfused so the RAS system will also kick in. People
with AS could get really bad hypertension. We want to be careful not to drop these
patient's bps too much.
What is a heart murmur? - answer Abnormal heart sound due to a pathological valve
When do you hear a heart murmur? - answer When blood is moving over the
pathological valve. (If it's a systolic murmur it's during the systolic phase of the
pathological valve. If it is diastolic, it's during the valve's diastole)
When do Ventricles and contract? - answerRV relaxes during diastole. LV fills and
relaxes during diastole. LV contracts during systole, RV contracts during systole.
What do atria do? - answerThe atriums fill continuously and passively open when there
is too much pressure.
What's the most important cardiac parameter? - answerPulse
What 3 main things generate a pulse? - answercontractility, volume, vascular tone
What is stroke volume? - answerthe amount of blood that's ejected out of the ventricle
with each heart beat
What is cardiac output? - answerthe amount of blood ejected in a minute
What is the formula for cardiac output? - answerHR x SV
What is cardiac index? - answerindividualized for a person's size. It's the same thing as
cardiac output, it's just more specific for how big a person is
What drugs help with increasing heart contractility? - answerdopamine, dobutamine,
and epinephrine
, What does dopamine do? - answerWhen you give higher levels of dopamine (>10) it
causes vasoconstriction, dopamine less than 10 increases contractility and improves
heart rate
Side Effects dopamine? - answertachycardia, dysrhythmias, palpitations
What does dobutamine do? - answerhelps with contractility of the heart and increases
HR, but not as much as dopamine
Side Effects dobutamine - answertachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypotension
What does epinephrine do? - answerincreases HR, increases contractility, increases
vasoconstriction
Side Effects Epinephrine - answerhypertension, tachycardia, chest pain
What is preload? - answerthe amount of stretch on a ventricle at the end of diastole
What is Frank Starling's Law? - answerour ventricles can fill up to a certain point where
we have a maximum amount of contraction, but if they are overfilled, they do not work
as well.
CVP - answerit's measured using a central line, we use it to measure the volume of
blood in the ventricle
What can be used to measure preload? - answerstroke volume
Stroke volume - answerthe amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat
How do we use stroke volume to measure preload? - answerwe get their stroke volume
before drinking, and then you take it again after drinking something. The goal is to see if
their body responds favorably to the fluid bolus. If it's positive it increases by 10%, you'll
keep doing the procedure until there's no change.
(We need to get the stroke volume before an intervention and then after an intervention.
If they do not respond we need to try something else.)
How to increase preload? - answergive LR, NS, or another isotonic fluid. You could also
give them blood, plasma, packed RBCs, or platelets. Hgb and hct will go up if you give
packed RBCs.
What is afterload? - answerthe amount of resistance that a ventricle has to face during
systole
Measurement of afterload? - answerSVR (normal 700-1400)
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