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Adult III Exam One (NUR 325) Questions with Accurate Answers
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Adult III Exam One (NUR 325)Oxygen Measurements - answerSPO2, SAO2, PAO2, SVO2, End-tidal CO2 (ETCO2),
lactic acid
SPO2 (noninvasive) - answer percentage of arterial O2 bound to hgb in the arterial
circulation
SPO2 normal level - answer>92%
SAO2 (invasive) - answer% of arterial O2 bound to hgb in the arterial serrulation
SAO2 normal - answer>92%
PAO2 - answerthe volume of oxygen dissolved in the plasma
normal PAO2 - answer75-100 mmHg
SVO2 - answer% of O2 on the hgb after circulating through the body (measured with
SWAN)
SVO2 normal - answer65-75%
End-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) - answerreflects the concentration of CO2 at the end of an
exhaled breath
(used to provide continuous monitoring of patient's ventilatory status)
Normal ETCO2 - answer35-45 mmHg
Lactic acid - answerbyproduct of anaerobic metabilism
normal lactic acid - answer<1mmol/l
SPO2 vs PAO2 - answerSPO2: the oxygen that is bound to hemoglobin (97% of O2)
PAO2: the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood (3% of O2 all the O2 being
dumped at the tissues or held onto hgb)
PH level indications - answer<7.35 acidic
>7.45 alkalotic
Normal 7.35-7.45
PACO2 indications - answer<35 alkalotic mmhg
>45 acidic mmhg
, Normal 35-45 mmhg
HCO3 indications - answer<22 acidic
>26 alkalotic
Normal 22-26
What is compensation? - answerbody's attempt to return to a normal pH
What happens with metabolic acidosis? - answerthe body blows off more CO2 by
increasing respiratory rate
What happens with metabolic alkalosis? - answerdecrease respiration rate to increase
CO2
What happens with respiratory acidosis? - answerhydrogen ions excreted in urine and
bicobonate retained
What happens with respiratory alkalosis? - answerHydrogen ions retained and urinary
excretion of bicarbonate increases
How do you know that the body is compensating? - answerYou know the body is trying
to compensate when there is proof of trying to restore homeostasis
What does it mean to be fully compensated? - answernormal pH, other 2 are off
What does it mean to be partially compensated? - answerAll three values are off
What is acute respiratory failure? - answerState of altered gas exchange resulting in
abnormal arterial blood gas values
Signs and symptoms of acute respiratory failure? - answerdyspnea, increased blood
pressure and heart rate
Categories of acute respiratory failure - answerfailure of oxygenation, failure of
ventilation, both
Failure of oxygenation acute respiratory failure - answer-inability to maintain adequate
PO2
-4 mechanisms which create hypoxemia: hypoventilation, intrapulmonary shunting,
ventilation-perfusion mismatch (VQ in hospital), diffusion effects
Hypoventilation (ARF) - answer-reduced alveolar ventilation
-causes increase in PCO2 (decreased O2 delivery to lungs causes decreased PO2)
Intrapulmonary shunting (ARF) - answer-Blood moved from right to left side of the heart
without oxygenation; causes decreased PO2
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