NUR 325 - Exam 1 Blue Print
what is the generic name of a drug? - answer the name given by the company who
developed the drug; chemical name
what is the brand name of a drug? - answer drugs commercial name
which drug name is capitalized, generic or brand name? - answer brand
what is an example of a generic and brand name? - answer Advil - ibuprofen
Tylenol - acetaminophen
what are the different types of oral medications? (3) - answer capsule, powder, liquid
what are the different rates of release of oral medications? (4) - answer- enteric-coated
(EC)
- extended-release (ER)
- sustained-release (SR)
- immediate-release (IR)
what is the rate of absorption for different forms oral medications, from slowest to
fastest? - answer- liquid
- suspension
- powder
- capsule
- tablet
- coated tablet
- enteric-coated tablet
where do enteric-coated tablets dissolve? - answersmall intestine
what is the purpose of the enteric-coated tablet? - answerprevents dissolution from
stomach acid; prevents irritation of the stomach lining
what are extended-release tablets? - answermedications that are slowly released into
the body over a period of time, usually 12 or 24 hours
what are the benefits of extended-release tablets? - answer- fewer medication doses
- fewer side effects since medication concentration remains consistent over a period of
time
what are sustained-release tablets? - answera form of dosage where a drug is
administered to a patient at calculated rate with the aim of maintaining a certain
,concentration of the administered drug over a specific period of time into the patient's
system while reducing possible side effects
what are immediate-release tablets? - answera dosage formulation that dissolves
without delaying or prolonging dissolution or absorption of the drug
where do immediate-release tablets dissolve? - answerin the mouth
what are the three ways a drug can be delivered parenterally? - answer- intravenously
(IV)
- subcutaneously (Sub-q)
- intramuscularly (IM)
which parenteral route absorbs the fastest? - answerintravenously
what is the difference between absorption and onset of action? - answer- absorption =
the process of a drug moving from its site of delivery into the bloodstream
- onset of action = the duration of time it takes for a drug's effects to come to
prominence upon administration
define absorption of a drug - answermovement from administration site to the
bloodstream and tissues
what is the first-pass effect? - answeroral medications are metabolized by the liver
before entering systemic circulation, thus reducing the concentration absorbed into the
blood
define distribution of a drug - answermovement of a drug from the bloodstream to the
intended site of action
define metabolism of a drug - answera change in the drug that may make it more or less
patent, soluble, or active
where does metabolism of drugs occur? - answerthe liver
what is the half-life of a drug? - answerthe time it takes for one half of the drug
concentration to be eliminated
if a drug has a short half-life, what does that mean? - answerthe drug is eliminated
quickly
what is half-life affected by? - answerliver and kidney function
, what must be considered about drug levels in the body if a patient has decreased liver
and/or kidney functions? - answerrisk for toxicity; if the drug is not filtered out by the
liver and kidneys, the drug may reach levels of toxicity and remain in the blood
define onset of a drug - answeramount of time to demonstrate a therapeutic response
define peak of a drug - answeramount of time to achieve a full therapeutic effect
define duration of a drug - answeramount of time the therapeutic effects last
define the peak level of a drug - answerthe point in time when the medication is at its
highest level
define the trough level of a drug - answerthe point in time when the medication is at the
lowest level
why are peak and trough levels important? - answersome medications must maintain a
steady therapeutic level in the blood to remain effective; ex - antibiotics: level of drug
must not drop below trough, otherwise bacteria will begin to reproduce again
define pharmacokinetics - answerthe movement of drugs through the body
what are the four steps of pharmacokinetics? - answerabsorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
define pharmacodynamics - answerthe effects of the drug on the body; the biochemical
changes that occur in the body from the drug
define adverse drug reaction - answerany noxious, unintended, and undesired effect
that occurs at normal drug doses
define the expected action of a drug - answerwhat we expect to happen in response to
a specific drug
define therapeutic effects - answerexpected or predicted responses; WHY we are giving
the patient this medication
T/F - there can be multiple therapeutic effects of drugs - answerTRUE
provide an example of the expected action vs. therapeutic effects of a drug -
answerBenadryl
- expected action: an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical
histamine in the body; dilates bronchial, capillary, and gastrointestinal smooth muscles
- therapeutic effects: helps with tremors, motion sickness, insomnia, nausea, itching,
swelling, hives
what is the generic name of a drug? - answer the name given by the company who
developed the drug; chemical name
what is the brand name of a drug? - answer drugs commercial name
which drug name is capitalized, generic or brand name? - answer brand
what is an example of a generic and brand name? - answer Advil - ibuprofen
Tylenol - acetaminophen
what are the different types of oral medications? (3) - answer capsule, powder, liquid
what are the different rates of release of oral medications? (4) - answer- enteric-coated
(EC)
- extended-release (ER)
- sustained-release (SR)
- immediate-release (IR)
what is the rate of absorption for different forms oral medications, from slowest to
fastest? - answer- liquid
- suspension
- powder
- capsule
- tablet
- coated tablet
- enteric-coated tablet
where do enteric-coated tablets dissolve? - answersmall intestine
what is the purpose of the enteric-coated tablet? - answerprevents dissolution from
stomach acid; prevents irritation of the stomach lining
what are extended-release tablets? - answermedications that are slowly released into
the body over a period of time, usually 12 or 24 hours
what are the benefits of extended-release tablets? - answer- fewer medication doses
- fewer side effects since medication concentration remains consistent over a period of
time
what are sustained-release tablets? - answera form of dosage where a drug is
administered to a patient at calculated rate with the aim of maintaining a certain
,concentration of the administered drug over a specific period of time into the patient's
system while reducing possible side effects
what are immediate-release tablets? - answera dosage formulation that dissolves
without delaying or prolonging dissolution or absorption of the drug
where do immediate-release tablets dissolve? - answerin the mouth
what are the three ways a drug can be delivered parenterally? - answer- intravenously
(IV)
- subcutaneously (Sub-q)
- intramuscularly (IM)
which parenteral route absorbs the fastest? - answerintravenously
what is the difference between absorption and onset of action? - answer- absorption =
the process of a drug moving from its site of delivery into the bloodstream
- onset of action = the duration of time it takes for a drug's effects to come to
prominence upon administration
define absorption of a drug - answermovement from administration site to the
bloodstream and tissues
what is the first-pass effect? - answeroral medications are metabolized by the liver
before entering systemic circulation, thus reducing the concentration absorbed into the
blood
define distribution of a drug - answermovement of a drug from the bloodstream to the
intended site of action
define metabolism of a drug - answera change in the drug that may make it more or less
patent, soluble, or active
where does metabolism of drugs occur? - answerthe liver
what is the half-life of a drug? - answerthe time it takes for one half of the drug
concentration to be eliminated
if a drug has a short half-life, what does that mean? - answerthe drug is eliminated
quickly
what is half-life affected by? - answerliver and kidney function
, what must be considered about drug levels in the body if a patient has decreased liver
and/or kidney functions? - answerrisk for toxicity; if the drug is not filtered out by the
liver and kidneys, the drug may reach levels of toxicity and remain in the blood
define onset of a drug - answeramount of time to demonstrate a therapeutic response
define peak of a drug - answeramount of time to achieve a full therapeutic effect
define duration of a drug - answeramount of time the therapeutic effects last
define the peak level of a drug - answerthe point in time when the medication is at its
highest level
define the trough level of a drug - answerthe point in time when the medication is at the
lowest level
why are peak and trough levels important? - answersome medications must maintain a
steady therapeutic level in the blood to remain effective; ex - antibiotics: level of drug
must not drop below trough, otherwise bacteria will begin to reproduce again
define pharmacokinetics - answerthe movement of drugs through the body
what are the four steps of pharmacokinetics? - answerabsorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
define pharmacodynamics - answerthe effects of the drug on the body; the biochemical
changes that occur in the body from the drug
define adverse drug reaction - answerany noxious, unintended, and undesired effect
that occurs at normal drug doses
define the expected action of a drug - answerwhat we expect to happen in response to
a specific drug
define therapeutic effects - answerexpected or predicted responses; WHY we are giving
the patient this medication
T/F - there can be multiple therapeutic effects of drugs - answerTRUE
provide an example of the expected action vs. therapeutic effects of a drug -
answerBenadryl
- expected action: an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical
histamine in the body; dilates bronchial, capillary, and gastrointestinal smooth muscles
- therapeutic effects: helps with tremors, motion sickness, insomnia, nausea, itching,
swelling, hives
