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Hemodynamics VPHY 3100 ExamLatest Update
What is a flow-down gradient? - ANSWER The transport of stuff (ions, molecules, fluids,
and gas) is a central process at all levels of organization in the organism, and a simple
model describes such transport
What aspect of the cardiovascular system is an example of a flow-down grdient? -
ANSWER Blood flow
What is blood composition? - ANSWER The ratio of plasma to formed elements in the
blood
What can affect volume - ANSWER Type of vessel, radius, obstructions
What is the formula for cardiac output? - ANSWER CO = SV x HR
Stroke volume x heart rate
How does the cardiovascular system regulate how much blood flows where - ANSWER It
is based on metabolic needs
Name the 7 different types of vessels in the body - ANSWER - Large arteries
- Mid-sized arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Mid-sized Veins
- Large Veins
Name similarities between arteries and veins - ANSWER They both have:
- Tunica externa
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Intima
- Smooth muscle
, Name differences between arteries and veins - ANSWER - Veins can hold more blood
than arteries
- Arteries have more smooth muscle than veins
- Endothelium of the artery is more wavy/rough than the endothelium of the vein
- Veins have valves
What is the Endothelium? - ANSWER Layer of cells than lines blood vessels and
regulates exchange
What does the smooth muscles in vessels do - ANSWER Regulates diameter of lumen
Which has more smooth muscle: Arteries or Veins - ANSWER Arteries
Why do arteries have more smooth muscle than veins? - ANSWER - Helps regulate blood
flow through movement
- Elastic fibers are in all three layers (tunica externa, media and intima/interna), recoil
moderates pressure changes
Characteristics of large arteries include... - ANSWER - also known as ELASTIC arteries
- Large diameter, thin walls
- Propel durin diastole
- Pressure reservoir
Characteristics of mid-sized arteries include... - ANSWER - Also known as MUSCULAR
arteries
- More smooth muscle
- Fewer elastic fibers
Characteristics of arterioles include... - ANSWER - Affected by sympathetic stimulation
and local chemical mediators
- Adrenergic R on vascular smooth muscle + Nitric Oxide diffuses from endothelial cells
to vascular smooth muscle cells
How does smooth muscle change pressure? - ANSWER By changing radius
What is structurally different in capillaries? - ANSWER - way thinner
- key site for exchanging nutrients, gasses, waste, etc.
- NO SMOOTH MUSCLE
- Pores to help with exchange
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