CCRP AACVPR
How are lipids carried - Answer-on lipoproteins in the blood because they are insoluble in water
Proteins found on lipoproteins - Answer-apolipoproteins
Density of lipoprotein with less lipid and greater protein - Answer-more dense
Density of lipoprotein with more lipids and less protein - Answer-less dense
Major bloodstream lipoproteins - Answer-chylomicrons, vLDL, LDL, HDL
Chylomicrons - Answer-least dense of the lipoproteins and are triglyceride-rich particles that are formed
in the intestine
Function of Chylomicrons and where they can be found - Answer-Transport dietary fat and can be found
in the bloodstream at highest concentration soon after a meal
Least to most dense lipoprotein particles - Answer-Chlyomicron, vLDL, LDL, HDL
lipoprotein that is the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins - Answer-LDL
,LDL carries - Answer-60-70% of the cholesterol in the blood
HDL carries - Answer-20-30% of the cholesterol in the blood
Equation for total LDL-C in bloodstream - Answer-LDL= TC-(HDL-C-(TG/5))
When does calculating LDL-C become inaccurate - Answer-when TG exceeds 400mg/dL
Desirable total cholesterol level - Answer-<200
Borderline high total cholesterol level - Answer-200-240
High total cholesterol level - Answer->240
Optimal TG level - Answer-<150
Borderline high TG level - Answer-150-199
High TG level - Answer-200-499
Very high TG levels - Answer->500
Optimal in men HDL levels - Answer->40
,Optimal in women HDL levels - Answer->50
Optimal LDL-C levels - Answer-<100
Near optimal LDL-C levels - Answer-100-129
Borderline high LDL-C levels - Answer-130-159
High LDL-C levels - Answer-160-189
Very high LDL-C levels - Answer->190
Hypertriglycerdemia is associated with high levels of - Answer-VLDL-C
Non-HDL-Cholesterol calculation - Answer-HDL-C - Total cholesterol
Atherogenic dyslipidemia - Answer-Elevated levels of TG, low HDL-C and only modest elevations of LDL-C
Metabolic syndrome - Answer-requires the presence of any 3 of the following conditions: abdominal
obesity, elevated TG, low HDL, elevated BP and hyperglycemia
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity - Answer-WC >102 cm (40 in) for men
WC >88cm (35 in) for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hypertriglyceremia - Answer-≥150 or drug treatment
, Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Low HDL - Answer-<40 for men
<50 for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Elevated BP - Answer-SBP ≥130
DBP ≥85
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia - Answer-Fasting glucose ≥100
or drug treatment
AACVPR understanding of atherosclerosis - Answer-Traditional risk factors are a source of inflammatory
changes in the blood vessel wall --> which attract lipid laden macrophages and other inflammatory cells
to enter the blood vessel wall --> where they proliferate and develop atherosclerotic plaques --> which
are the source of the clinical manifestations of CHD
Fatty streaks - Answer-lipid deposition (daily lipid laden macrophages) in the arterial wall
Lumen - Answer-opening inside of the blood vessel
fibrous plaque - Answer-Larger and more obstructive lesoions consisting of an outer fibrous
Why do plaque ruptures occurs prior to the development of cardiovascular symptoms in many cases -
Answer-Atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture tend to be younger, more immature plaques
that usually do not produce the degree of luminal narrowing required to develop exertion symptoms
What occurs after a plaque rupture - Answer-Clot formation within the lumen of the coronary artery,
potential resulting in an acute coronary syndrome from the sudden development of severe obstruction
to coronary blood flow
How are lipids carried - Answer-on lipoproteins in the blood because they are insoluble in water
Proteins found on lipoproteins - Answer-apolipoproteins
Density of lipoprotein with less lipid and greater protein - Answer-more dense
Density of lipoprotein with more lipids and less protein - Answer-less dense
Major bloodstream lipoproteins - Answer-chylomicrons, vLDL, LDL, HDL
Chylomicrons - Answer-least dense of the lipoproteins and are triglyceride-rich particles that are formed
in the intestine
Function of Chylomicrons and where they can be found - Answer-Transport dietary fat and can be found
in the bloodstream at highest concentration soon after a meal
Least to most dense lipoprotein particles - Answer-Chlyomicron, vLDL, LDL, HDL
lipoprotein that is the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins - Answer-LDL
,LDL carries - Answer-60-70% of the cholesterol in the blood
HDL carries - Answer-20-30% of the cholesterol in the blood
Equation for total LDL-C in bloodstream - Answer-LDL= TC-(HDL-C-(TG/5))
When does calculating LDL-C become inaccurate - Answer-when TG exceeds 400mg/dL
Desirable total cholesterol level - Answer-<200
Borderline high total cholesterol level - Answer-200-240
High total cholesterol level - Answer->240
Optimal TG level - Answer-<150
Borderline high TG level - Answer-150-199
High TG level - Answer-200-499
Very high TG levels - Answer->500
Optimal in men HDL levels - Answer->40
,Optimal in women HDL levels - Answer->50
Optimal LDL-C levels - Answer-<100
Near optimal LDL-C levels - Answer-100-129
Borderline high LDL-C levels - Answer-130-159
High LDL-C levels - Answer-160-189
Very high LDL-C levels - Answer->190
Hypertriglycerdemia is associated with high levels of - Answer-VLDL-C
Non-HDL-Cholesterol calculation - Answer-HDL-C - Total cholesterol
Atherogenic dyslipidemia - Answer-Elevated levels of TG, low HDL-C and only modest elevations of LDL-C
Metabolic syndrome - Answer-requires the presence of any 3 of the following conditions: abdominal
obesity, elevated TG, low HDL, elevated BP and hyperglycemia
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity - Answer-WC >102 cm (40 in) for men
WC >88cm (35 in) for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hypertriglyceremia - Answer-≥150 or drug treatment
, Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Low HDL - Answer-<40 for men
<50 for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Elevated BP - Answer-SBP ≥130
DBP ≥85
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia - Answer-Fasting glucose ≥100
or drug treatment
AACVPR understanding of atherosclerosis - Answer-Traditional risk factors are a source of inflammatory
changes in the blood vessel wall --> which attract lipid laden macrophages and other inflammatory cells
to enter the blood vessel wall --> where they proliferate and develop atherosclerotic plaques --> which
are the source of the clinical manifestations of CHD
Fatty streaks - Answer-lipid deposition (daily lipid laden macrophages) in the arterial wall
Lumen - Answer-opening inside of the blood vessel
fibrous plaque - Answer-Larger and more obstructive lesoions consisting of an outer fibrous
Why do plaque ruptures occurs prior to the development of cardiovascular symptoms in many cases -
Answer-Atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture tend to be younger, more immature plaques
that usually do not produce the degree of luminal narrowing required to develop exertion symptoms
What occurs after a plaque rupture - Answer-Clot formation within the lumen of the coronary artery,
potential resulting in an acute coronary syndrome from the sudden development of severe obstruction
to coronary blood flow
